Essay example --

Value-Belief-Norm TheoryThe aim of this research paper will be to depict the difference among criminals who engage in money laundering and tax evasion. In this regard, the theory of Value-Belief-Norm can be taken into concern. According to this theory, actions of an individual are directly influenced by his/her moral and ad hominem values that impose considerable impact upon the behavioral attitudes (Boersema & Reijnders, 2008). Hence, these psychological aspects further forms as a difference between a normal individual and a criminal. Money LaunderingMoney can often be duly considered as one of the prime reasons for which most of the criminal activities happen in this world. In this regard, one of the commonly identified crimes associated with money is the aspect of money laundering. Money-laundering is regarded as the process through which criminals of all sorts cover the origin of their wealth in set to avoid suspicions from various law-enforcement agenc ies. This is also performed by the people with the intention of hiding evidences that could lead to their trail in front of the law. Money laundering can be executed through several ways that include structuring and round tripping among the primary ones. In the method of structuring, money is broken into several small deposits that subject the chances of any suspicion from various law enforcement agencies. In relation to the method of round tripping, money distorts the market, further lessening the chances for law enforcers to detect the money (UNODC, 2013 1 juristic Information Institute, n.d.). In terms of law, money laundering is considered as a crime and penalty is thus imposed on people involved in laundering money. E.g. 18 USC 1956 of law dep... ...inals Who Engage In Money Laundering and Tax EvasionFrom the above discussion, several differences can be depicted between criminals engaged in money laundering and tax evasion. In this context, criminals involved in money laund ering are influenced to conduct the crime in hostelry to hide the destination or the source of their income. On the other hand, a criminal involved in tax evasion mainly tends to hide original financial status in the form of paying less tax to the concerned authorities. One more dissimilarity between the two can be apparently observed as the legal actions that are imposed over these criminals. Criminals of money laundering are expected to get stern penalty as compared to that of tax evasion. Additionally, moral values, according to Value-Belief-Norm theory also differ in nature between the criminals engaged in money laundering and tax evasion.

Slaughterhouse-Five: The Novel and the Movie Essay -- Movie Film compa

Slaughterhouse-Five The clean and the Movie In 1972 director George Roy Hill released his screenadaptation of Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five (or TheChildrens Crusade A Duty Dance With Death). The film madeover 4 million dollars and was touted as an artisticsuccess by Vonnegut ( celluloid Comment, 41). In fact, in aninterview with Film Comment in 1985, Vonnegut called thefilm a flawless translation of his novel, which can beconsidered an honest assessment in light of his reviews ofother adaptations of his works skilful Birthday, Wanda June(1971) turned out so abominably that he asked to have hisname removed from it and he found Slapstick of Another Kind(1984) to be absolutely horrible (41,44). (This article waswriten prior to Showtimes Harrison Bergeron, and FineLines Mother Night). A number of other Vonnegut novels havebeen optioned, but the film projects have either beenabandoned during labor or never advanced beyond anun produced screenplay adaptation, indicating the difficultyof translating Vonnegut to the silver screen. So why doesSlaughterhouse-Five succeed where others fail? The answerlies in how the source is interpreted on screen. Overall,while there are some discrepancies that yield varyingresults, the film is a faithful adaptation that succeeds intranslating the printed words into visual elements andsounds which convincingly guide the novels themes. While Vonneguts literary style is very noticeable inSlaughterhouse-Five, the novel as a whole differs from themajority of his other works because it is personal with an raise point of view techniq... ...kle every time I watch that film,because it is so harmonious with what I felt when I wrotethe book (Film Comment 41). Whether or not someone who hasnot read the novel could get some meaning from the film ishard to decide, but if one considers that it would take justabout as long to watch the mo vie as it would to read thebook, the decision should be obvious. Works Cited Bianculli, David. A Kurt Post-mortem on the GenerallyEclectic Theatre. Film Comment Nov.-Dec. 1985 41-44. Loeb, Monica. Vonneguts Duty-Dance With Death. UMEA, 1979. Nelson, Joyce. Slaughterhouse-Five Novel and Film.Literature/Film Quarterly. 1 (1973) 149-153. Slaughterhouse-Five, dir. George Roy Hill, with MichaelSacks, Universal Pictures, 1972. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York DellPublishing, 1968.

Warriors of the Amazon :: Yanomami Tribe

In the Amazon between Venezuela and Brazil, there is a kindred of native people known as the Yanomami. The Yanomami are an superannuated people who are relatively unaffected by the civilizations and technology of today. They are a culture of hunting and gathering. The men are warriors that help to defend the tribe from other tribes, hunt for meat, and attack opposing tribes. The women stay home and cook, raise the children. Many people stay in the shibono, or community complex. The children are brocaded for a rough life, to be warriors. They learn that every injury suffered must be repaid. Men are the powerful gender, with all the rights. The relationships created by having in-laws are the theme for their power. If a favor is granted, it must be returned. A person is always supposed to be loyal to their family connections. A shaman is appointed to be the bye of the tribe. Spirituality is a very important, everyday thing. The tribe is constantly at war with demons. There are rit ual hallucinogens that are used for contact with hard liquor and the spirit world. The spirits control events in life which the shaman attempt to harness. The shaman gains the powers of these spirits by going to the spirit world, and he uses these to put curses on enemy shamans and heal tribe members from the vices of demons. Diseases and illnesses are causes by the demons and as such can only be heal by spiritual power.When someone dies their swot up are burned and crushed into ash and consumed by the relatives. It puts a persons soul at peace to find a resting place within their family, it would be an hatred to bury them in the ground. Once this ceremony is finished the person is gone. Their name or person is never to be mentioned again.Enemy tribes fight and put curses on each other. To become allies again they must trade and negotiate. Then, the tribes combine together with a large peace celebration. They conduct a dance in ceremonial dress and test each others strength.

Distance Learning Essay -- Essays Papers

Distance tuition In recent years, there has been a line in the way that many major institutions of higher erudition have been teaching their students. This change of pace in the education world is what is known as outmatch learning. Distance learning is the form of schooling that can be done over the Internet, and never actually being forced to be put forward in a classroom or even on the campus. According to Joel Snell, correspondence courses were the predecessors to what we now know as distance learning (258). Many slew say that distance education is the future of our nations education, however there are many arguments against the wide spread establishment of distance learning programs. Although distance learning may seem like a bright future for education, nevertheless, it will never be as successful as campus learning, because every student essential be self-driven and also highly motivated, the lack of access to libraries and other sources of information, and also face-to-face interaction is necessary for a good education. Many people conceptualize that distance learning is a perfect fit for men and women working on their masters while still maintaining a job. When a soul enters the real world and gets a job, they will not always have a lot of time on their hands that would allow them to go to classes. The office to take their classes at anytime possible is one of the most appealing factors for distance learners (Flanagan). Another reason as to why distance learning is a perfect match for men and women taking classes while working is the motivation factor. Both Snell and Mariani agree that in order for a person to succeed in distance education, they must be highly motivated, which does not describe the ... ...he newest equipment today will just give you out-dated equipment a few months after the initial implementation (Porter 41-42). establish entirely upon the facts that are presented in so many academic sources, distan ce education programs are hard to implement as well as to maintain, so that it why that many fail, and they are not widely accepted in todays day.Works Cited Flanagan, Robert. Personal Interview. 27 Oct. 2001.Mariani, Matthew. Distance Learning in Post-Secondary Education Learning Whenever, Wherever. Occupational Outlook. 45. 2 (2001) 2-10.Minoli, Daniel. Distance Learning Technology and Applications. Boston Artech House,1996.Porter, Lynette. Creating the Virtual Classroom Distance Learning with the Internet.New York Wiley, 1997.Snell, Joel. Distance Learning Observations. College Student Journal. 35. 2 (2001) 258- 259.

Glorifying the Tudor Dynasty: Shakespeares Richard III and the Perfect

Arts in England flourished and prospered during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Furthermore, The Golden Age was characterized by the Queens patronizing of theatre, which pull up stakes it to gain popularity among England. The sixteenth and early seventeenth century witnessed a period of English nationalism, evidently shown through diffused texts in the English language, rather than in Latin. Additionally, the Queen supported playwrights such as William Shakespeare, which lead to depictions of Elizabethan society in his plays. Consequently, influences from London and the royal family influenced plays such as Richard III. Specifically, the play affected the resplendence of the Tudors, leading to the villanization of former king Richard III. This paper discusses and argues the effects of Elizabethan England on the plot, villain, and gender roles- all leading to the glorification of the Tudor dynasty. Firstly, Niccollo Machiavellis influences on England during the Elizabethan Era trans mit in the plot of the play. Machiavelli, an Italian politician, published Il Principe, which established guidelines on how a prince could get and secure his power. Machiavellian ideas diffused among the political elite of England during Elizabeths reign (The bring of Machiavelli on Shakespeare). Consequently, Shakespeare adapted these influences to produce the character of King Richard III. The principal influence of Machiavelli on Shakespeares version of Richard is the Machiavellian concept of the ends justify the means (The Influence of Machiavelli on Shakespeare).When Richard outlines his plans that will lead him to the throne of the kingdom, Shakespeare shows the influence of this concept because he shows willingness to do anything in ord... ... plot, the characters, and the overall conflicts. culturally London is present in the events and characters of the play, since Shakespeare manages to take influences from historians and his patron to target a historical figure. Finall y, while embedding historical events in his plot, Shakespeare manages to legitimize the rule of the reining dynasty. Works CitedMclean, Ralph. The Influence of Machiavelli On Shakespeare. Britain In Print, n.d.Web. 6 Apr. 2014Preis, Dorothea. Richard III Society of NSW. Richard III Society of NSW RSS. HSC autobiography Extension, 7 Nov. 2012. Web. 6 Apr. 2014Shakespeare, William. Richard III. Cambridge U, 1954. Print.Shapiro, Susan. Feminism in Elizabethan England. History Today. History Today, n.d.Web. 6 Apr. 2014The Richard III Society. Richard III Society of NSW RSS. HRH. The Duke ofClougester, n.d Web. 07 Apr. 2014

Microanatomy Is Important In The Medical Field Education Essay

Histology or the evaluate of microanatomy is of great importance in the medical field. Accuracy of affection diagnosings or tracking the effectivity of a intervention regimen is dependent on the reading of a curve specimen under the lens of a microscope. It is a needed class for freshman medical and dental pupils in most wellness scientific mark centres ( Ogilvie, 1995 ) . The traditional attack used in learning this subject is to present photomicrographic images of constructions to pupils in talk utilizing 35 mm slides of Fieldss seen through the microscope.It is good known that a topic that demands excess involvement and groom for both instruction and acquisition of histology ( Goubran and Vinjamury, 2007 ) . The pupils so spend many another(prenominal) hours sing and analyzing specimens of tissues utilizing a light microscope in a research lab scene.In a typical research lab scene pupils argon expected to analyze micrographs at low and higher power magnifications in order to place lead Fieldss in the tissue subdivision. However due to the ocular complexness of microscopic anatomy, this gutter be disputing for whatsoever pupils in footings of hold oning the context and relevancy of the topic. Students in traditional classs of histology spend an inordinate sum of clip larning the constituent constructions by trying to happen and place them in tissue subdivisions utilizing a microscope, where the construction organism sought is surrounded by a battalion of other constructions with which they atomic number 18 besides non familiar.Further more than, trouble in utilizing the equipment in the first case, even before the slide is viewed and when the right aperture and focal point is achieved, a complex histological image appears before their eyes ( Brisbourne et. Al, 2002 ) .The usage of the microscope has been the particular tool of histology instruction. The past decennary has brought the stolon of digital slide scanners. This has made possible promot ions in both the professional and educational field ( May, 2010 ( a better lens on disease condition ) .made available the digital microscope where slidesWith the recent handiness of videodisk stored image libraries of histological samples, it is now possible to analyze histological rules without the usage of the microscope as the primary learning tool.A videodisk entitled Histology A Photographic Atlas by S. Downing ( published by Image Premastering Services Limited, Minneapolis, MN, 1991 ) has been incorporated into our histology class. 15 videodisc participant Stationss are provided for 150 pupils. Images are retrieved by pupils utilizing a saloon codification scanner attached to a videodisk participant ( innovate CLD-2400 ) . Using this sort of image library, pupils can now larn basic histological construction, such as cell and tissue types, without the usage of a microscope or as a tool for easing microscopy.The usage of a videodisc library of randomly accessible images sim plifies larning the basic constituents which all variety meats are placid of by showing the scholar with distinct illustrations to avoid confusion with other constructions.However, videodisk participants and tv proctors are still non suitably priced for every pupil to have.This presents a job in that the same images studied in category are non available to analyze and reexamine outside of category.There is a demand for resources for peculiar(a) survey outside of the institutional scene, for pupils to hold and interact with to reenforce the acquisition run through in the instruction research lab.A difficult transcript manual(a) was created and is organism used in our class it incorporates exposures captured from the videodisk. The images displayed in the manual are chosen to give the pupil one illustration of each histological constituent. surplus labeling is added to the images, and each image is accompanied by a saloon codification that may be used at a videodisk participant with a saloon codification reader to recover the same colour image from the phonograph record displayed in larger format on a Television proctor.Each subject in the manual is accompanied by larning trains and a statement of clinical relevancy.Following the presentation of the images in each subdivision of the manual, the pupils are encouraged to pattern by sing multiple illustrations of each structural constituent presented in the lesson.They can make this by utilizing the bar-coded catalog supplied with each phonograph record. The presentation of each subject concludes with a quiz composed of inquiries about images that the pupil can recover from the videodisk utilizing barcodes in the text of the manual.Some of the images on the quiz are printed in illumination in the manual to supply the pupil with an chance for personal reappraisal at place when hardware to amaze and expose images from a picture phonograph record is non available. This manual provides an reply to the quandar y faced by the scholar when entree to hardware is non available dungeon is hence facilitated outside the teaching research lab. This allows larning to go on outside of the schoolroom, utilizing the same stuffs. ( abstract truncated )Building noetic theoretical accountsWith equal mental modeling, the scaffolding that is required with which to construct new cognition.associating inactive two dimensional constructions to dynamic three dimensional maps. Histology instruction and acquisition is an active country of research, curiously with recent engineering promotions such as the outgrowth of slide scanners.Traditional slide readyingTraditional pathology vs. digital pathologySince the attitude of pupils for holding merely microscopic slides for larning histology is uneffective and literature provinces this, this is obvious research that I would non hold to carry on myself.If you can mention the literature so it is all right to tidy sum up this in your background/introduction, yes. Aspecify the method of learning here at this university, and province that Im proving a multimedia synergistic tutorial to find the participants retort and attitudes? ( hope this makes sense ) Its that since Im non making aA comparing survey, I was acquiring somewhat confused as to how I can word my hypothesis.Yes.A I would mention some literature to endorse up the hypothesis that the add-on of synergistic ocular AIDSs better acquisition and so depict what you have made taking this into history.In response to this demand, legion surveies compare pupil s rating of the utility of instruction and acquisition with and without the support of a computerised histology instruction assistance ( Farah and Maybury, 2009, Rosenberg et al 2006, Weaker and Herbert 2009 ) . Indications are that although the passage from traditional microscopic slides may non needfully better on pupils trial tonss, the enthusiasm in their attack to histology has been greatly improved. These findings suggest that possibly transport from two dimensional picture-like microscopic images and application of some signifier of interactivity holds ocular entreaty to the user. This evidently has an impact on their return on the topic, which indicates that traditional methods of being placed with a set of slides and a light microscope is non prosecuting adequate to be appealing to pupils.Further to this, different applications have been made to histology to invigorate up the mat of the stained microscopic slide. The most basic attack but non rather effectual have been the efforts of many universities to do available their histological resources to pupils anytime and anyplace ( weaker and Herbert, 2009, Rosenberg et. Al 2006, Salajan and Mount, 2008 ) . The Dentistry section of University of Dundee has their ain aggregation made available via the Virtual Learning Environment ( VLE ) for pupils to entree and utilise as they like. As the ruin of many virtually available histology, the degree of interact ivity is merely limited to the show of labelling of the cardinal constructions in a slide image. This lone aids the pupils to some point they can accomplish the laboratory experience but at a location of their pick. More conventional methods of incorporating histology to a more learner-friendly format include the use of the accredited and most recent engineering that are soon available in this fast traveling technological industry. Three-dimensional modeling, practical world and sharp ocular image of biological constructions in peculiar, is one major way where instruction has been steadily heading ( Trelease, 2002 ) .Brisbourne et Al. ( 2002 ) innovatively collaborated lifes into the instructions of histology, utilizing a web-based multimedia acquisition assistance called HistoQuest. Their lifes aim to incorporate the existent maps of the cells to a histological slide and assistance pupils in sympathizeing the major constructs and physiological maps, non merely to recognize and label a construction. rational modeling is the theory and aim behind their work. Mental modeling is described as the procedure of incorporating a cognition platform on which the pupils can so construct up on. This is the underlying thought of this research proposal can seting the scenario of which the tissues were cultured from, i.e. for illustration a glomeruli of a uriniferous tubule from the kidney, enable the pupil to later persist better academically?The Inner life of the cell life by Bio Visions from Harvard University is a alone illustration of life created with a digital visual view of the cells where the microscopic universe is rendered into three dimensions.Sandberg ( 2002 ) created a series of computing machine aided synergistic histology over a figure of old ages and through the experience commented on the fact that long distance acquisition, immediate feedback and holding a merriment interface was greatly appreciated by pupils.Having been able to run into pupils a nd lectors affect in learning and larning histology at this university, their sentiment on the proposal at manus was priceless. There decidedly seems to be a niche for an improved histological instruction assistance, surely at this university.as image acknowledgment expertness is an art that can merely be developed through clip, preparation and experience. modern promotions in engineering has facilitated instruction and acquisition of histology.There has been legion histology Atlass and etc, by far the effectivity of a tutorial that incorporates 3D histology slides and Reconstruction of 2D slides into 3D tissue theoretical accounts alongside 3D variety meats has non been addressed. Research is missing in this peculiar country. Students require aid in placingMerely by flavor at a slide you can merely recognize the forms, which is 2D but retracing 2d images from slides into rotatable 3d images will assist construct the pupils to understand the microscopic specimen. The transference of the survey stuff will be facilitated by the 3D theoretical accounts as visualizing aid the pupils understand the topic easierStudents frequently extend troubles larning with the traditional microscope and slide set.histology is a capable country that has been germinating. Histology instruction is an active country of research that has been spread outing due promotions of engineerings.Health scientific discipline topics that require ocular acquisition can be supplemented to with ocular idea procedure required.This research survey is concerned with planing a multimedia interactive ( MMI )Purposes and aimsThis survey will be designed to analyze whether the degree of interactivity and presence of visually appealing 3D cellular modeling can better apprehension and recollection retention of histology. The e-learning tutorial will be based around an introductory histology practical on colon malignant neoplastic disease that first yr medical pupils undertake. Before the practical cat egory, they will hold minimum or no experience of histology and after the few hours spent in practical, do non return histology once more until later old ages in the class.the tutorial that contains 3D cellular theoretical accounts alongside the histology slides and will be necessitate them to be more synergistic e.g. prompted to snap more links on the page to voyage through the tutorial, options provided to travel the 3D cellular theoretical accounts around 360 grades etc. two groups will be asked to finish a brief pre-tutorial questionnaire ( see terminal of papers for an illustration ) to find whether they have any old experience with utilizing microscopes and histology. At the terminal of the e-tutorial, the survey groups will be quizzed on what they experienced on the tutorial to prove the effectivity of the tutorial in helping memory keeping ( see terminal of this papers for sample questionnaire ) .

Justice in Tale of Two Cities

Kate Partington Mr Wood Accelerated English 11 22 February 2013 Justice is a major theme seen in The Tale of Two Cities and it connects all characters in one style or a nonher. One character in particular, Madame Defarge, links most others together in her gruesome quest for referee. In Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities, Madame Defarge responds to an injustice in a negative way after the harming of her family and goes about the wrong way of trying to get revenge, which in turn contributes to the overall plot of the story as a hearty.Madame Defarges search for justice for her family is gone about in the wrong way. She believes that in order to get back at Darnay, she must inflict the same pain she felt upon him. Madame Defarge is the symbol of the evils brought forth by the french Revolution, (eNotes, 67). After the rape of her sister by Darnays uncle the Marquis, and the death of her brother, Defarges becomes obsessed with hate towards anyone related to the Marquis and then in turn to the whole aristocrat society.Defarge targets the aristocrats in a very stereotypical way, yet does not understand that what she is doing is wrong. Madame Defarge plots the downfall of the St. Evremondes and other aristocrats with almost infinite patience, working the names of those whom she hates into her knitting. She plots Darnays incur in 1792 and the eventual deaths of his entire family, demonstrating the depths of her hatred, (eNotes, 67). Her understanding of justice is completely backwards and that only continues to cause more trouble throughout the book.Madame Defarges search for justice is successful in her eyeball, because she achieves causing pain and suffering, but then goes too far when she begins to target random people. Madame Defarge becomes so obsessed with her idea of justice that no one can hold her back in doing whatever she wants to. Defarge is obviously wrong to go on and kill innocent people, yet in her eyes it is perfectly okay because of the injus tice through to her family. Madame Defarges acts towards justice contribute to the work as a whole because without her actions there would be essentially be no plot.Defarge is responsible for Darnays trial along with all of the murders, which make up the bulk of the story. The Darnay family is also a big part in this story, and the reader grows a kind of fondness to them. When the Darnays family is in danger, the reader is affected as well because of all that was invested in these characters. The readers feelings for hatred towards Madame Defarge and sympathy towards Darnay and his family sum up a great deal to the overall lesson and experience of reading the book.Without Madame Defarge and her crazy acts of justice in her own mind, the story would not be the same and would not give the reader the same benefit. Madame Defarge all in all represents oftentimes more than a scorned sister looking for revenge, she represents all the bad in the French Revolution. She had good intentions in the beginning just wanted to get justice for her family, much like the French Revolution had good intentions to make a better life. Yet both Madame Defarges plan and the French Revolution went too far than originally planned.Madame Defarge began targeting random people just because they were associated with the aristocrat programme while the French Revolution did the same. Defarges plan was a big part of the overall plot, yet it represents the Revolution as a whole much as the whole book does. Madame Defarge and her quest for justice are a huge part of the overall plot of the story. Without many of her actions, the story as a whole would not be the same. In her search for justice, she represents much more and that in itself contributes to the plot as a symbol for the French Revolution.The injustice done to Madame Defarge continues to affect all throughout the story. Works Cited Characters. Novels for Students. Vol. 5. Gale Cengage, .eNotes. com. 22 Feb, 2013 http//www. enotes. com/tale-of-two-cities/ Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. Evanston McDougal Littell, 1997. Print. Bibliography Characters. Novels for Students. Vol. 5. Gale Cengage, . eNotes. com. 22 Feb, 2013 http//www. enotes. com/tale-of-two-cities/ Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. Evanston McDougal Littell, 1997. Print.

Baz Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet Essay

Being a virgin viewer of Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet, I imbed myself dissatisfied as I began to see the famous balcony perspective reveal itself on the courtyard floor. Where is the barrier, the stony limits that separates the lovers from each other? I inquired. How could the most historied mental testify of William Shakespeares most popular play be missing? I continued to watch in astonishment as the daring scene developed into a masterpiece. Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli both achieved unique interpretations of William Shakespeares script which accomplish the chief goal of displaying the extremely cultate love among Romeo and Juliet. The movies were made xxix years apart and had many specific and not so obvious differences between them including the massting, script, and camera work that are significant to accomplishing the ii directors diverse objectives for the take ins. The most noticeable difference found between the balcony scenes of the two movies is the diff erent settings. There actually is a balcony in Luhrmanns version, but it is oftentimes smaller and is only used for a brief instant in the scene.Romeo climbs to the top of the balcony in both versions, but in Luhrmanns film, to his surprise, he finds an ill-favoured nurse instead of the attractive Juliet. This comedic moment is essential for distracting the audience from their predictions. The Capulet mansions are both astounding and enormous but bestow different emotions. The mansion in Zeffirellis Romeo and Juliet is very castle-like with towering stone walls surrounded by trees, and a large balcony. This plain and simple appearance is important because the focus of the scene is on the two young lovers and the stony limits that separate them. Luhrmanns film has a very luxurious and romantic looking set that captures the viewing audience attention from the start. The scene is more(prenominal) colorful with white sparkling lights, statues, ivy, and most importantly, a brightly lit up blue swimming pool. The water provides a perfect medium for Romeo and Juliet as they confess their love for each other. The water does not only serve symbolic importance but provides a modern obstacle between Romeo and Juliet that can be compared to the balcony.Although the viscous water acts as a barrier, the pool scene involves much more contact between the lovers than Zefferellis balcony scene. Light lightly music fills the air instead of the louder rock music that is found throughout the film. In both versions, Juliet is clothed in all white, portraying her innocence. Zefferellis set resembles the setting William Shakespeare describes in his script, while Luhrmann modernizes the setting and translates script to appeal to todays generations. Shakespeare wrote his plays in a Victorian language that is not especially beaten(prenominal) to most people today. Zefferelli was quite aware of this, but made very few adjustments to the script. His play targets people who already know the story of Romeo and Juliet. Zefferelli takes advantage of the opportunities film offers by using technology to create realism, background music, props, and backgrounds to aid in the comprehension of the balcony scene of this romantic tragedy.On the other hand, Baz Luhrmann cuts the original script from one hundred ninety lines to 100 lines. He also adds occasional words to enable a smooth flowing dialogue. He maintains Shakespeares Victorian language because of the ingenious numbers and rhythm it has that flows like music to ones ears. Luhrmann eliminates a lot of the difficult and time-consuming language as well as lines that do not pertain to his modernized setting. For example, lines 70-182 of Act III, Scene II are eliminated, in which Juliet calls Romeo back then forgets why she did so. Luhrmanns adjustments to the script allow for a more easy translation of Shakespeares language. In addition to the changes in the script, the scene can be comprehended strictly by view ing the moving picture due to the careful selection of costumes, the use of body language, the romantic setting, and the camera technique.The camera work during the balcony scene of both films is very strategically planed to give the viewing audience a much more personal experience than that of the stage. Zeffirellis scene makes use of the long balcony as the camera pans along it continuously, not allowing the eyes to rest. This keeps the viewers involved in the film while close ups are used to show the passionate emotions of the lovers. In Baz Luhrmanns version of the scene, the camera is not as active as one might imagine. The scene begins with long hired guns and as it develops, the camera moves in to extreme close-ups to show every detail of the lovers expressions. The camera gives the viewers an intimate relationship as it moves slowly and more closely to the actors in contrast to the chaotic camera movement in other scenes. The quantity of modify used in Baz Luhrmanns scene is significantly reduced when compared to the editing in other parts of his film.The editing pace goes from every couple seconds per shot to about twenty seconds per shot. The length of shots in Zeffirellis scene is even longer. Also, Zeffirellis scene uses slight high-angle shots on Juliet that gives the effect that Juliet is in a more superior position than Romeo. In Luhrmanns film the lovers remain level with each other throughout most of the scene, giving a sense of equality. both(prenominal) filming techniques used in the two versions were very effective in creating the close relationship between Romeo and Juliet as they reunite for the second time. The power and passion of love found within the balcony and pool scenes of the different films is one that leaves an everlasting impression in the hearts and minds of the viewers. Although interpreted very differently by two brilliant directors, the scenes both relay Shakespeares message.Baz Luhrmann did so in a way that transforme d the play from Shakespearian times to the youth of the twentieth century. He used state of the art technology, familiar actors, a modernized setting, and adjustments to the actual script to translate Shakespeares play into modern times. On the other hand, Franco Zeffirelli essay to make his film as much like Shakespeares play as possible. He used film to his advantage to provide a side by side(predicate) experience than that of the stage, but few changes to the actual script and setting were made. He wanted to reflect the play to the best of his ability to the screen. Baz Luhrmanns objective was to playact Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet to the homes of people around the world. Both films were successful in achieving their goals, but were very unique because of the differences in the setting, script, and camera work.Works CitedImagery in Luhrmanns Romeo + Juliet. American Film Institute. 1 Feb. 2005 http//www.fathom.com/course/28701907/session4.html.Marks, Margaret. Brand New Old Stuff. 1 Feb. 2005.Romeo and Juliet. Dir. Franco Zeffirelli. Perf. Olivia Hussey and LeonardWhiting. Paramount Pictures, 1968.William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Dir. Baz Luhrmann. Perf. Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes. Twentieth Century Fox, 1997.

Breaking Social Norms Essay

Social norms argon the customary rules that govern behavior in certain group of individuals. These rules specify how iodine should be vex, and it clarifies what may be considered normal or acceptable to society. The type of norm that I fill decided to violate for this assignment is a folkway. Folkways are lax, implicit rules that govern society, unlike laws, which are pro forma written rules. Folkways are a behavioral adaptation that developed to make social life possible. They are considered little essential to the stability of society since it applies to everyday multitude.For instance Americans shake reachs when meeting, while members of other(a) cultures bow, or kiss. For this assignment I decided to stand immaterial the mall and hand shake individuals as they walk in and out of the mall. Since norms consist of preferences, rather than demands the mechanism of social control results in assurances. Whether informal controlling or informal negative, these sanctions may result in a simile, or a dirty look. This essay will explore the reaction of individuals when greeted by a stranger and the subsequent actions that resulted.For this assignment I decided to go to South Coast home Mall in Costa Mesa. South Coast Plaza is a place where a concierge will check your bags when your arms are too tired, where personal shoppers are at your service, and where your electric jaguar can charter serviced while you shop or dine. Around the fancy cluster of shops are Prada, Burberry, Armani, and Tiffany & Co. At the same time you can also find a topical anesthetic McDonalds, Beackworks, and a Sears at the other end of the mall. Due to its Cultural Diversity I decided to take on the challenge.Considering this, I arrived the location around 1000am (opening time) on Sunday September 30th. The multitude of individuals roaming the mall were mostly women in different age groups, varying between 20-60 years of age. About 10 people who are walking in and out of the mall are observing me, my intuition is that being a female will prevent these women from feeling pissed and accept my hand shake. As I stood outside the second level Macys Valet Entrance I approached the first individual, I extended my hand and smiled at this 20 something year-old Persian woman who pulled out of a white Escalade.She asked if I orked there and if I could guide her to the concierge desk, but she never welcomed my hand gesture. I immediately removed my arm feeling very uncomfortable and guided the way. Breaking this social norm in this case caused a negative informal sanction, and as a result the woman disregarded my hand shake and left me feeling disapproval. The second individual I approached was a Hispanic woman in her mid 30s with a stroller in hand, and a 5 year-old boy who seemed very much interested in greeting me. To my surprise, she pretended to have her hands tied up, and asked her son to hold her hand so he would not get lost.Being ignored is a negative inform al sanction and it made me feel public ridicule along with rejection. However, a few minutes later an elderly Caucasian woman walking out with her granddaughter hold my greeting. When her grand-daughter did not respond to my hand gesture she exclaimed, Honey dont be rude Where are your manners? and the grand-daughter finally welcomed my hand gesture. The polite doll started talking to me about customs and traditions, and how people are not as polite as they used to be. She exclaimed that individuals are too focused on other things and forget their manners.Aside from the previous experiences, breaking this social norm ended in positive formal sanctions as a result of my gesture the gentlewoman smiled and complemented my actions. Correspondingly there were a few other individuals who accepted my greetings, while others looked the other way and pretended I was not there. Individuals who live accordingly to these norms very much Theis?.. Almost every single thing we do in life is j udged by a certain set of guidelines. When we are growing up, we are taught by our parents of what to do and what not to do.Of course, every household lives by a different set of ideals and beliefs. It can be influenced by religion, the environment they live in, and what kind of presidential term they abide by. However, the one constant which holds true in all households and societies are norms. Norms are established standards of behavior maintained by a society. Norms are principal(prenominal) to a society because it pretty much commemorates every citizen in a society in check with themselves and their behavior. Laws are not sufficient enough to keep a society at peace.The two types of norms that exist are ormal and informal. Formal norms are pretty much what we call laws in our society, while informal norms are pretty much norms in which there is a mutual agreement among everyone in a society to follow. Norms can be viewed as all the flyspeck things and the serious things comb ined in which all citizens should abide by. It can be more important than laws in their judgment on looks, whether it is the color of ones skin, the clothes that one wears and even the way a person carries himself or herself, individuals make instant judgments based on these social prejudices.This perception based on appearance determines the behavior towards the person. A Player Piano In our textbook, Sociology A Down-to-Earth Approach, Henslin defines social control as a groups formal and informal means of enforcing its norms. Two prime standards of social control are positive and negative sanctions. A positive sanction is a reward or positive reaction for following norms. A positive sanction could possibly be given to someone who tries to break and change norms in society for the cash advance of the community. A good example of this would be Dr. Martin Luther Kings movement for civil rights.A negative sanction is the opposite, an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm. T hese reactions can be severe and formal, or they can be mild and informal. How do these ideas of social control apply in the society created by Vonnegut in Player Piano? In the book Player Piano by Kurt Vonnegut, there are many examples of positive and negative sanctions. A perfect example of sanctions affecting lives in a dramatic way was the aptitude test taken by all citizens. If you do poorly on it, then you have to live the rest of your life in the Army or in the Reeks and Wrecks.

Racism in to Kill a Mockingbird

Harper Lee uses racism in, To Kill a Mockingbird, to show readers the bad outcomes of racist thoughts and ideas. The sentence of emotional state in prison to Tom Robinson, genus Atticus defending Tom Robinson, and Jems thoughts on Black peoples blood are all examples of Harper Lees intentions. Racism is the hatred or intolerance of another race and is a theme that is ever present in Harper Lees book, To Kill a Mockingbird. Tom Robinson was being sentenced to life in prison for supposedly raping Mayella Ewell even though there is proof that he did not.The control board voted him guilty as charged. In our courts, when its a white mans word against a black mans word the white man always wins. Theyre ugly, exclusively those are the facts of life. Atticus tells Jem. This is a terrible outcome of Racism. Tom Robinsons life is now gone because of white man in the jury being prejudice against a black man essay writer cheap. When Atticus decides to a Tom Robinson he gets sworn at by acq uire called a nigger-lover by many even his own nephew. Francis, what the hell do you mean? / Just what I said. Grandma says its bad enough he lets you unfreeze wild, but now he turned out to be a nigger lover. Those who are racist are very arrogant and proud but those who are affected by it are affected greatly. Tom Robinson and Atticus are just two of many that are affected by Racism. regular Atticus, a white man, is affected by the patronizing on slaughter of racist remarks. Jem, slightly brainwashed by his town and community, has racist thoughts and ideas about Negroes.Jem tells picket outside of the courthouse Once you have a drop of Negro blood, that makes you all black. This example of racism shows how even children, at best, are showing signs of racism in a country where there should not be any. Harper Lee is showing the older community is doing to Maycombs children. Basically they are brainwashing the kids without even learned it. Their children just go by what their parents do and say. Thought Jem said a racist remark, later on in To Kill a Mockingbird he does not show much racists thoughts.In fact, Jem learns about racism during and after Tom Robinsons trial. Harper Lee uses racism to show readers the bad outcomes of racist thoughts and ideas. The sentence of life in prison to Tom Robinson, Atticus defending Tom Robinson, and Jems thoughts on Black peoples blood are all examples of Harper Lees intentions. Though Racism is hush up in this world today Harper Lee shows what racism does and how it works thus proving the bad outcomes and results of racism.

Bill Recommendation Essay

Is it a good idea for those individuals convicted of armed robbery to receive doubled the sentence that it is now? In my opinion the answer is no. Policy making in the field of criminal referee is passing vital to society. Punishments potful be very confusing in the fact of what is appropriate. What is too much and what is too teeny-weeny?There have been m both studies that show that there is little or no substantiation of evil such as armed robbery when the punishment is a long sentence to prison. The reason for this lack of deterrent is be take a shit the person who is committing the crime or crimes knows what is at stake, yet he or she chooses to commit the robbery anyway. This is beca physical exertion the gains of that robbery exposeweigh the prison sentence.The main purpose of this criterion is to stop or at least lessen the amount of armed robbery that is macrocosm committed by putting those who commit the crime target bars for a longer period of time. This seems like a good idea at first glance. However there is more(prenominal) to this proposition. Lengthening the prison sentence is being used as a deterrent or to simply take the bad guys off the street for longer. This has not worked in the prehistoric and allow not work now. Facing a long sentence has not deterred robbery from happening.If prison sentencing was enough robbery would not be or so in society especially not as frequent as it is today. According to a study done by the FBI in 2006 447,403 robberies were reported to the police, which equals out to a rate of one robbery per minute in the United States (McGoey, 2014). The punishment for robbery can be up to 25 years in the United States. Doubling that and making the sentence 50 years will hardly make any change in the robbery rate. If anything it would just cause the jails and prisons tobecome overpopulated quicker, costing taxpayers more money.Bill RecommendationThere are more effective ways to address a crime than make the punishments more intense or longer. The classic school of criminology is what I base my recommendation on. In the late 1700s, which are the time that the classical school came about, the punishment for crimes was extremely cruel and would be seen today as barbaric. Cesare de Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham played a tremendous role in the theory of criminology and criminal justice today would not be where it is without them. Their main focus was to lessen the harsh punishments implemented by the judicial system at the time (Schmalleger, 2012).Cesare de Baccaria believed that preventing crimes would benefit a society more than difficult someone who committed a crime. This belief was the driving force of the classic school of criminology. He believed the punishment should fit the crime for instance theft should be punished through the use of fines and crimes that cause personal injury to be punished by corporal punishment. This would, in turn he believed, prevent these crimes from happeni ng. Jeremy Bentham viewed crime a little differently than Beccaria. Bentham was viewed as a utilitarian. He believed that the punishment for any crime must be that of the greater good for the community. Basically stating that any pain being used as a punishment towards an offender must be justified to benefit the good of the society.Modern criminal justice still holds its psychiatric hospital in that of the classic school of criminology. Having said that, long prison sentences do act as a major deterrent for many a(prenominal) criminals, but poses a major conflict of ideas to that of the classic school of thought due to the fact that crimes are committed based on free will and rational conceptualiseing.There are Bill Recommendationmany factors such as emotional instability in s sudden moment, and mental and corporeal disorders that a longer prison sentence simply would not abolish. There is also the very likely chance that drugs and or alcohol is involved.If the offender is bein g driven by an addiction nothing, surely not a longer prison sentence is going to persuade his or her decision (Schmalleger, 2012)With all of that being said, the answer to decreasing crime, more specifically armed robbery, a longer prison sentence is not the answer. The question at hand is what is the answer? This is a question that is going to be debated as long as crime is resent in the population. Juvenile criminals usually mature into adult criminals, so by chance putting more criminal emphasis on juvenile crime must be done. In addition to everything, it is well known that drugs are the foundation of many crimes. Drugs are responsible for many thefts and robberies, and more time behind bars is not going to make a drug addict think twice before robbing someone. More emphasis needs to be put on the war on drugs and alcohol addiction. Put the taxpayers money to good use by stopping the spread of drugs, not on paying for more people inside if jails. Lets stop the robberies from h appening.ReferencesMcGoey, C.E. (2014). Robbery Facts Violent Crime Against Persons. Retrieved from http//www.crimedoctorSchmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology Today An integrative Introduction (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Christian Iconography Essay

1. Comp atomic number 18 and Contrast Hosios Loukas, Greece (before 1048) v. San Marco, Venice, Italy (building consecrated 1073 mosaics 12th c.) and the Cappella Palatina, Palermo, Sicily (1142/3) Typical elusive churches, like all architectural forms, employ comparatively standard layouts and similar mosaic programs. Hosios Loukas, preceding both San Marco and Cappella Palatina, is an example of adherence to gnarly conventions of visual programs and spatial planning. However, the churches of San Marco and Cappella Palatina are de vocalizationures from much(prenominal) convention. Experiencing greater influence from the westward, the churches of San Marco and Cappella Palatina, in their architectural forms and decoration, at once show their Byzantine roots and strides toward westernization. Hosios Loukas, though appearing irregular in its floor plan, is actually two adjoining churches. create on the space that marks the site of Saint Lucas death, the church is an excellent exa mple of Byzantine planning and decoration.With a large central dome, the church t inunctette be divided into three main parts the sanctuary, which is east of the dome the naos, which is the central portion and the narthex, or entry porch. Possessing a cross-like plan, the church is for the about part centrally planned. In the narthex, the typical mosaics of the Pantokrator, the Crucifixion and the Anastasis are employed. The apsis mosaic, which is at the far end of the sanctuary, depicts the image of Theotokos sitting on a throne with the messiah child above the alter and the apse mosaic rests the mosaic of the Pentecost in the domical vault. In the central dome, which houses the Pantokrator, the circle converts to the square through an octagonal form, a peculiarity shared by Cappella Palatina. The squinches created by the octagon depict delineations from christs life. Furthermore, the likenesses of saints decorate the church. Most importantly however, the decoration of the church contains little extraneous detail.San Marco, however, exists as a transition from the traditional Byzantine format to more westernized looks. Still displaying a cruciform floor plan, the basilical form is integrated into the church. The four lateral domes and one central dome imply this focus on symmetry and centrality, while still allowing for the western influence. The naos is elongated, to create greater linearity and the cross arm of the cross-square is actually a transept. Though exhibiting a lot of the same scenes, those of San Marco have a particularly greater focus on narrative. One provide observe such effects in the Anastasis scenes of both churches. In the Anastasis of Hosios Loukas, only five figures appear messiah, David, Solomon and Adam and Eve the five figures possess enough detail to identify them and the scene.In the San Marco example, eleven figures are present. The crowded quality enhances the narrative, allowing them to be read as more of a story and less as a symbolic image map outing an event. Similarly, the crucifixion scene of Hosios Loukas and San Marco are respectively simplified and elaborate. Cappella Palatina, built by Roger II a Norman, focuses even greater narrative. The church also further employs the basilical form, while displaying forms from all the cultures that influenced it. stripping less architectural resemblance to the Byzantine church, Cappella Palatinas mosaics, though depicting much of the same scenes as Hosios Loukas and San Marco, are composed in a kinda haphazard way. For example, the nativity, which is usually streamlined to the most integral parts, shows multiple scenes in the same mosaic.In fact, some figures, such as the magi, appear more than once. This technique, allows the dish to trace out the story of the birth of Christ. The eastern apse looks like a traditional Byzantine church, with a Pantokrator and seated Virgin. However to the west, the basilical nave shows the Western Christian infl uence. Its use of Old Testament resource references Western precedentsfrom Genesis to Jacob wrestling the angel. Similarly, while the walls depict the same scenes as Byzantine churches, their format is different. Its use of registers is spiritual domain in Byzantine counterparts. Also, the multiple Pantokrators that appear in the church, while a Byzantine form, are used in a uniquely un-Byzantine way. Lastly, the church ceiling, which is grace with muqarnas, shows the Islamic influence.The basilical influence in San Marco and Cappella Palatina is unmistakable. Much of the imagery and its hierarchical placementwith the holiest at the top and most earthly at the bottomis drawn from Byzantine churches. However, the use of Old Testament scenes and the greater focus on narrative are symptoms of the western influence. San Marco and Cappella Palatina are consequences of the time and place. They are at once Churches of the West and parts of an over-embellished history and religious trad ition from the East. As a result, their appearance reflects the Byzantine influence, in its similarities to Hosios Loukas, and their Ravennic and Roman precedents.2. Compare and Contrast Pilgrim eulogia ampulla, Crucifixion and Women at the Tomb, pewter, 6th-7th c. v. The Limburg Staurotheca, 968-985 Though created centuries apart and strikingly different in size and style, the pilgrim eulogia ampulla and the Limburg Staurotheca are similar in many ways. Both are vessels of holy materials and depict Christ and various religious figures. However the ampula represents the more egalitarian form of relic collecting. The Limburg Staurotheca, on the other hand, in its materials and relics is one of the most elite forms of collectorship. Both the pilgrims journey ampulla and the Limburg Staurotheca are composed out of metals. The ampula is do out of pewter, a metal that was readily available at the time and not costly. The Limburg Staurotheca, on the other hand, is made out of gold gilt m edal, enamels and gems.The difference in materials is indicative of their intended patrons. The ampulla, which predates the Staurotheca, was created for pilgrims that visited the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The latter, however, was commissioned by an imperial formalized and was intended to be viewed by elites. Additionally, both possess the ability to be hung. While the ampulla oftentimes hung around the neck of a pilgrim, the Staurotheca, which has a hoop at the top, could have been hung in a devotional space or carried during processions. The functionto hold holy objectsalso differs due to its intended viewers. Ampullae such as this were often used to hold holy liquids or soil. However, due to the inscription and its iconographic reference to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the square(a) Cross, this pilgrimage ampulla was used to hold the oil from the True Cross. Therefore, in a sense, both of these vessels hold parts of the same relic.However, the portabili ty and reproducibility of the oil, made it better equipped for pilgrim patrons. The Staurotheca, contrastingly, holds seven splinters of the true cross. put in such a way to show the historical form of the true cross, the slivers are held in place by jewels and gold framing. Additionally, the Staurotheca also was a reliquary for various other relics, such as Christs purple robe, the hair of John the Baptist, etc. Housed behind the ten different panels with inscriptions describing that which is behind them, the Staurotheca is an synergistic reliquary. The viewer is able to open the panels and see the relics. The iconography of the vessels also differs. The ampulla depicts two scenes. The first is the Adoration of Cross. The meaning of the iconography is twofold. It looks like the scene of the Crucifixion, with the other two crucified flanking Christ and with worshipers in attendance.However, the more pertinent interpretation of the imagery, as it relates more directly to the vessel , is the pilgrims visiting and worshiping the True Cross. On the back of the ampulla, the Women at the Tomb is depicted. It also has two significances it can be read as the Marys visiting the tomb of Christ and pilgrim women visiting the tomb of Christ erected within the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The iconography, therefore, draws parallels surrounded by the events of Christs life and the activities of pilgrims. The Staurotheca, on the other hand, is rich in detail yet does not contain any narrative. On the front of the reliquary is Christ enthroned, with Theotokos, John the Baptist and arch angels flanking him. Above and below are three pairs each of the apostles. Surrounding the nine conjoined panels, are portrait busts of saints.Upon opening the lid, the viewer is confronted with the slivers of the True Cross described above. Depictions of angels adorn the interior as well, and flank the inscribed panels behind which rest other important relics. Rather than expressly depict t he relics that were encased, the reliquary only when depicted the True Cross and the portraits of angel, all of which were considered to be the image of God himself. Therefore, the ampulla and the Staurotheca differ in their iconography, their function and their materials. All results of the intended viewers and collectors, both the ampulla and Staurotheca represent the Byzantine desire to obtain primary and secondary relics. Representing the power of Christ and God, these vessels contents gave their owners assurance of success and salvation.3. Essay Question Related Directly to Readings The military issue of images in Byzantine art The lineage and use of images in Byzantine art is perhaps on of the more interesting and complicated aspects of Christian iconography. The Christian imagery in Byzantine art, as noted in Heaven on Earth, became intertwined with imperial icons and ceremony. The course of Iconoclasm, however, remains the most controversial historical talk about Christia n images and their appropriate role. The Iconoclasts believed that images were inappropriate in worship and were similar to the worship of idols, which breaks one of the commandments. Iconophiles, on the other hand, venerated images and opposed the Iconoclasts in the destruction of images. given the volatile opposition of the two, understanding the Christian image in Byzantine art allows one to understand their forms of worship and relation to the holy. Firstly, it should be noted imperial and religious tradition often created a relationship between Christ and the Emperor.Occurring fairly early in the history of Byzantium, the Emperor Justinian was likened to Christ in the apse mosaic in S. Vitale. Adorned with a halo, Justinian stands in the center among twelve soldiers and religious officials. Although, as Treadgold et al. noted in Procopius and the Imperial Panels of S. Vitale, though the artist had not intended on creating the twelve apostles symbolism, as the feet show that so me of the heads were added as an after thought, the resulting effect is the same for the contemporaneous viewer. The emperor, the most powerful and godly of men, is likened to Christ. much(prenominal) an occurrence, while prevalent throughout cultures and history, undoubtedly watered down the holy significance of Christ images in the realm of worship. However, as noted above, the Iconoclast controversy, which lasted from 726 to 843 AD, is most illustrative of the Byzantine treatment of images. Affecting artistic production during the controversy and in its wake, the debate centered on the appropriateness of images in the Christian context.Iconoclasts, or image breakers, believed that their fellow Christians had become idolaters. Images, perhaps believed to be a source of power by laymen, the Iconoclasts contended, must be restrained. Militaristic failures reaffirmed Iconoclastic believes that they had sinned and incurred the wrath of God. In the Church of Saint Sophia, for example, depictions of saints were replaced by the cross. Similarly, St. Irene sports a cross instead of a kind-hearted likeness. (The example of the Church of the Dormition in Nicaea seems to show that the Virgin and Child mosaic replaced the Cross, post-Iconoclasm.) Therefore, the Iconoclasts effectively replaced images with the Cross. Contrastingly, the Iconophiles, or image lovers, argued for the preservation and continuation of images, given their long history.As discussed in the Abgar of Edessa identification, the likeness of Christ was venerated in biblical times. Being an antiquated tradition, that Christ himself allowed/encouraged, images should be respected. Furthermore, as mentioned in Mango, the Iconophiles argued that God created man in his likeness, and specifically incarnated himself in the human form of Christ, and therefore allows for representation in the human form. Though they were temporarily victorious between bouts of Iconoclasm, the Iconophiles were ultimately succ essful in securing the role of images in Christianity. After the ideological defeat of the Iconoclasts, the Iconophiles restored much of the Christian imagery that had been washed away. St. Sophia, having had images removed by the iconoclasts, exists as a testament to the great controversy. The St. Sophia apse mosaic is an excellent example of post-iconoclast image restoration.A mosaic of Theotokos and Child was erected with an inscription condemning the Iconoclasts the inscription is known to refer to them as imposters. Similarly, written and illustrated texts, such as the Khludov Psalter, describe the heresy of the Iconoclasts. It likens them to the Jews. As the Jews killed Christ, the Iconoclasts washed away and killed his image. Furthermore, much of the margin illustrations depict figures holding a medallion image of Christ, as a testament to the devotion to images. The Iconophiles believed that icons and images of the holy and saintly sanctified churches and practiced such post -iconoclasm.Post-iconoclasm, much of the ravages were rectified and restored. Beautifully decorous images adorned churches and texts in the wake of the controversy. The Psalter of Paris, for example, rather naturalistically depicts David composing the Psalms. Personifying the location and muses, the image gives the layman the opportunity to pictographically read the extraction of the Psalms. Ultimately, the images not only teach through visuals, but inspire awe. The illuminating mosaics of churches produced miraculous, luminary effects that created a greater sense of the sacred.Consequently, the use of images in Byzantine art is an issue of great complexity. Once deriving influence from the iconography of pagan religions, the Iconoclasm controversy returned to the Christian-pagan associations. The Iconoclasts believed that the worship of images was like that of idols by the pagans. In an attempt to remain in the right with God, they sought to rid Christianity of its idolatrous icons . Though, in accordance with sanctity, egalitarianism and tradition the debate was won by the image lovers, restoring the place of Christian icons.

Are you doing Hard work or Smart work?

Dr. S. B. Kishor and Swapnil M. BhagatThese days, recreateing cleverness is a talk of town. If you provided subject impregnable, you may not land where you want to be eternally. If you want to achieve success, you need to run away voguish. So, isnt it important to usage hard?A story of two wood racetrackters arguing which of them will cut much woods during a day is pertinent to explain the above point.First they worked at one speed. exclusively in an hour one of them has heard, that the other one stop cutting trees. They were working almost synchronously, when the set-back woodcutter heard that his opponent has stopped again. The first woodcutter continued working, feeling the smell of victory.This lasted all day long. individually(prenominal) hour one of the woodcutters stopped for ten minutes and the other one continued to work. When cadence expired, the first woodcutter, who worked without any stopping, was absolutely sure that he won the prize. He was very surpris ed to know that was mistaken. How did that bechance? He asked his partner.Each hour I heard that you have stopped the work for ten minutes. How could you cut more trees than I? Its impossible It is very simple, in fact, answered the second woodcutter. Each hour I stopped the work for ten minutes. And when you were cutting the trees, I sharpened the axe.The gist of above story is simple, smart workers constantly take small pauses but they use these pauses to sharpen their axes.Working hard and working smart ar two different things. knowing work teaches you to be more productive with your time. If you are happy with your accredited level of success, and so smart work will surely allow you the luxury of not having to work as hard as you otherwise would. But if you want to reach the pinnacle of success in your chosen field, then smart work alone wont really help.Many people think that hard work goes largely unnoticed. They believe that unless you are smart about letting others kno w that you are working hard, you outride a drudge. They call hard work a kind of drudgery. They are more interested in letting the boss know that they are working hard. heavy(p) Work is when one does some work dedicatedly. injure work is when somebody does the same center of work, but faster and more efficiently. You must give it your all from the import you wake up to the moment you go to sleep. While this is true, it mickle also be said that someone might be able to do the same amount of work in less amount of time, by working smarter and more efficiently i.e. the most important trait of the smart worker is his world power to do work differently. And working differently means working smart.Rightly said by Shiv KheraWinners dont do the different things but they do the things differently.Smart workers believe in Specific, measurable, attainable, result oriented and time echo work and therefore they are called smart as they believe in doing the things differently as correspond to normal approach followed by most.In short, Smart workers use sweet techniques and tools in order to rectify productivity. Many people work hard, but only a few be pass really successful. This intelligibly tells that smart work really makes the difference.Smart workers do believe more in creative work. They can cut and handle even the worst situations bravely and always follow never to give up attitude. firm workers believe in doing their work without any complaints. Smart workers always look at the brighter side of life. Smart workers are experts in managing time. And as someone said rightly that a person, who can manage time, can manage everything very well. Smart workers do create the opportunities not only for themselves but also for the others.Smart workers are innovative and bold. They believe in accepting new challenges and accomplishing the tasks skilfully. Smart workers have control over themselves and so they can control the external world. If you fail to control y ourself then you will be controlled by others. One has to be mentally strong enough to control oneself to do this diligently.Hard workers get mentally strong by doing their work regularly and earnestly. Smart workers never wait for the right time to come rather they make the best use of everything at every time. To succeed in life, one has to always keep woful forward. How apt it is to quote Martin Luther King Jrs thought provoking words If you cant fly then run, if you cant run then walk, if you cant walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward.Smart workers do follow this mantra of moving forward in spite of all the hurdles they human face on their way. This positive attitude of moving forward makes smart workers in real sense smart. If you really want to succeed in life then do not forget that there is no short cut to success. No doubt you will have to be work harder but smart worker is the one who will be able to achieve more within the limited time and resources at his disposal.Few tips to become a smart workerHave a Definite final stage and Narrow Down on Your Focus until achieved.Have Frequent Appointment within YourselfBuild only on your say-so and Work around Your Weaknesses.Go on vacations and Practice giving yourself RewardsDo not procrastinate your responsibilities as every new responsibility gives an insight to do the things in a rejuvenated manner.Start observing the things how people are doing each work and think the way you can have done the same work in a better manner. Create a Good Working Space around You.ConclusionRemember, we cant do smart work without doing hard work at same time. Of course, you have to be Smart about working hard curiously in Corporate life and in all strategic decision making processes, but at the same time one should not also forget the importance of hard work in our life.Just being smart or working smart is only half of the real story. Smart work is about making the right strategy, about following a disciplined work culture. Hard work translates your vision and ideas into results. The fact remains that hard work and smart work must go hand in hand to be successful.Dr. S. B. Kishor Swpanil M. BhagatSardar Patel Mahavidyalaya, emailprotectedgmail.com

A Midsummer Night’s Dream- A Shakespearean Comedy Essay

Desperate lovers, mischievous fairies, bad actors, and a flower which causes love upon first sight-these atomic number 18 just some of the components that add to the comedic flavour of Shakespeargons doing _A Midsummer darks Dream_. The main elements of a classic Shakespearean comedy are clear portrayed in this play. An identity mix-up of Lysander and Demetrius, continuous references to music and dance to signify talented events and lastly a happy ending in all help to prove that _A Midsummer Nights Dream_ is so a comedy.The plot of a Shakespearean comedy often includes a mix up of identity. In _A Midsummer Nights Dream_ Puck mistakes Lysander for Demetrius and rubs the love potion on his eyes. As a result, Lysander stops lovable Hermia and instead falls in love with Helena. When Puck and Oberon find Lysander wooing Helena, Puck realizes his mistake and admits to Oberon, This is the woman, save not the man. (3.2.42). Pucks mistake helps to develop the plot as well as take i n out several comedic situations throughout the play, such as the quarrel between Hermia and Helena. This mistaken identity helps to take a crap this Shakespearean work a comedy.Although Shakespearean plays often have tragic endings, his comedies end on cheerful notes, which are often signified through several marriages. _A Midsummer Nights Dream_ ends with the grand marriages of Duke Theseus and the lovers Hermia and Lysander as well as Helena and Demetrius. Upon finding the lovers in the forest, Theseus decides to ignore Egeuss will, Egeus I will weigh down your will (4.1.177). and chooses to marry the lovers. He declares, For in the temple, by and by, with us / These couples shall eternally be knit (4.1.178-180). The lovers are elated and everyone at the court watches the mechanicals hilarious performance of Pyramus and Thisbe as a way to happily gestate for their nuptial hour. This happy ending helps to keep the comedic air alive in the play.Throughout the play, several refe rences are made to reveling through dance and song as a way to signify and bless happy events. This is shown when Titania asks Oberon to join her in blessing the marriage of Theseus andHippolyta. She asks, If you will patiently dance in our round, / And memorise our moonlight revels, go with us. (2.1.140-141). Through this quote, Titania refers to dance as a way to bring cheer to the marriage of the Royals. The dance and song throughout the play lighten the mood of the play, helping it become a comedy.The mistaken identities of Lysander and Demetrius, the reveling through dance and song, and the happy ending, which is symbolized through several marriages help prove that _A Midsummer Nights Dream_ is indeed a comedy. The inclusions of these basic elements make a comical and entertaining play for all audiences to enjoy.WORKS CITEDGill Roma, ed. _A Midsummer Nights Dream._ Great Clarendon Street, United Kingdom Oxford University Press, 2005.A midsummer NIGHTS DREAM ESSAYPREPARED BY RISHITA APSANIPREPARED FOR MR.LANDRYDATE 12/13/2007Rishita Apsani English

Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship

Effectively communicating in an Inter soulfulnessal Relationship To the impertinently unite brace, It has occurred to me that our current generation seems to lack the force to fetch in effect with in an interpersonal familys and it is through with(predicate) and through cooperation, collaboration, and compromise that an effective flow of discourse occurs. If we analyzing and studying the communication wreak of ii(prenominal) en devoteing and receiving in clayation, we pile remediate our ability to fall efficaciously between atomic number 53 an separate(a). To chip in a triple-cr consume interpersonal human human human alliance i must(prenominal) first interact with separates, which is c all in alled interpersonal communication. (Hybels, 2007) We spend most of our lives interacting with severally new(prenominal), with a dozen dissimilar reasons to talk to diverse deal. We leave behind tend to say things differently depending on who we ar communi cate too. So there is a lot much to communication that just putting lyric together and saying them out loud for the separate person to hear. The ability to communicate effectively takes sincerely scientific discipline and learning this skill never ends, take down in a marriage.Being suitable to communicate effectively is credibly one of the most measurable skills a person lavatory draw in a marriage, as the main cause for divorce is the lack of communication between one a nonher. You be the lone some(prenominal) person that buns say what you destiny your better half to hear, so if you move intot be how to give tongue to what you want to say or beg off your intentions cl early(a)(a), the other one could easily take what you say and change state your own words agains you. So the dress hat sort to avoid this situation is to be assertive in how you communicate.When I say you must be assertive, I mean you must express your smellingings and ideas openly, hones tly, and take tariff for your actions. It is as well as being allowing to listen to what the other one is saying and respect them no guinea pig how different their opinions may be from yours. You also need to be able to recognizing the emotions in one another, as it is a rattling important first step to building a good relationship. If one sensnot feel what the other one is feeling, thus you simply faecal matternot connect with them on a personal or stirred take aim and that rotter deeply hinder ones relationship process.Interpersonal communication is important because of the functions it achieves. Whenever we shut away in communication with another person, we seek to exchange information with them, we also communicate information through a wide variety of verbal and communicatory cues. Spoken communication has huge effects on all aspects of our livelihood, to including interpersonal relationships, just as speaking and telling our needs and wants verbally or non-verba lly is a fate for our daily lives.Within our daily lives of some(prenominal) work and home, when we exchange information with our spouse, our verbal communication is organise by our language, whereas nonverbal communication is not. We spend close 75 percent of our day communicating our hunch forwardledge, thoughts, acquaintances, and ideas to to to distributively one one other. (Allis, 2002) What we get intot realize is that a lot of our communication is not make up of the oral or written form nevertheless of the nonverbal form. In communications involving ii or more mass, our messages be sent on twain take aims simultaneously and if the verbal cues atomic number 18 not congruent with the nonverbal cues, then the flow of communication is hindered.Correct or not, if the receiver of the communication will base the intentions of the sender on the nonverbal cues that they recieved. Most couplings believe that they will communicate better because of the fact that they ar in a relationship with this person and the depth of their personal knowledge and connectivity. (Schoenberg, 2011) All of this is based on the assumption that your world-shaking other understands your intent even though your verbal and nonverbal signals ar not matching up. So you two hit to be cognizant of the nonverbal signals that you send to each other.Nonverbal cues can be categorized into two sections vocal and opthalmic. The vocal side of nonverbal communication involves timbre (quality and tone), pitch (inflection), intensity (volume), step (speed), rhythm, and pauses (silence). Whereas the visual side of nonverbal communication involves your eyes, face, body posture, and hand gestures. Before a person represents an seek to form an interpersonal relationship, they must decide what attracts them to that person. There atomic number 18 m twain factors that make up attractions to other physiological attractions, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and propinqui ty argon a few of them. (Hybels, 2007) As you too were attracted to each other from the cabbage, it is green with most slew to be attracted to each other by the way they look, some people capability charter certain distinct characteristics that they find more attractable then others. Tall or short, nordic or brunette hair, blue or green eyes, muscular or slender, or even freckles be mevery things that attract us to one another alone if there is no attractions, you are outlet to be less likely to walk up to someone and strike up a conference them.For example, I am c all oered from wrists to neck to waist with tattoos and I cave in found that they surmount my ability to have a good first impression on many of the professors that I have had over the operate several years of college. I didnt notice it at first but over beat I saw that I received a warmer reception and direction from my teachers when I had coherent sleeves on but if I gave the instructor time to get to k now me. I could behind start to show tattoos and it would not affect how the instructor acted towards me.On the opposite side though, I have met very interesting and smart people that had just as many tattoos as I did because of the divided similarities that we had. The similarities and differences can be a major factor in determining if a relationship will be good for a person because at generation we will find ourselves attracted to people that packet the similar culture basis that we do. It is not a hard reach though to see wherefore people are often attracted to people who enjoy the equal things as we do but people can also be attracted to the differences in personalities. For example, people who dont like making decisions major power be attracted to a stronger decision maker. Because these characteristics complement each other, they energy help ratify the relationship. (Hybels, 2007) So forbear this in mind when you two are communicating with each other and it seems that what you are trying to send in not being received properly, as your nonverbal cues or bodily language might be sending something entirely different. As important as sending the right signals twain verbally and nonverbally, effective listening is just as important in any relationship.When one listens to another, it shows that you respect them and wield some what the other person is trying to communicate. There are three important types of listening and they are active, critical, and empathic. (Sole, 2011) vigorous listening is assertive communication that develops a sense of put, were the person talking gets the feeling that you know what they are trying to communicate is getting to you. In doing this, you two will build a stronger fond regard and cuss each other more in what you say and do.Critical listening is an analytical and rational process of listening, in where you analysis what is being said, process the information, and make a judgement on what was meant. After one has been in a relationship for a while the critical listening will not be needed, as empathic listening will tend to take over. Empathic listening is listening to your spouse when they have an issue or problem that they just need to talk virtually and know that you are there to listen.So when you empathetically listen, you set aside your own feelings and concentrate on comforting you spouse in their time of horny need. Once you can use empathic listening in your relationship, you will be able to reflect on what is being said and respond back on the same emotional level of the person communicating but empathic listening is something that takes time in a relationship and you cannot armament emotions but you can just be there for your spouse.It is obvious that you too have already made the initial approach to each other but there can be times in you relationship that you will have to make the approach again because a new or different situation has developed. So it is good to k now that once we have approached someone, the next steps of forming an interpersonal relationship would be our motives for communicating. Your motives for getting married can easily be seen if someone spends just a couple minutes with you two and you guys fit the text book definition of what motivates us for forming a relationship.As we are actuate to form relationships for many different reasons such as, pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control, and health. (Hybels, 2007) If one is motivated by pleasure, he or she might want someone to watch the same movies, listen to music, or discuss things that they have in common. If one is motivated by affection, then finding someone who will give you the affective evidence that you need.Regardless of what motivates us, if we have started to develop a relationship we have to decide how much of our selves that we want to share and at what decimal point in the relationship do we share it. Another factor that would have be en considered as advantageously would be the proximity of each other, as proximity is the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as at work, school, or play. (Hybels, 2007) But seeing as you to met in college and studied the same major, your proximity was really close and you too were able to hare a lot of really polished experiences together and still continue to do so. Speaking of sharing with one another, I would like to explain self-disclosure to both of you. As self-disclosure is a process in which one person tells another person something he or she would not reveal to just anyone. (Hybels, 2007) Self-disclosure in not just providing someone with information to the highest degree yourself. Self-disclosure is about revealing a piece of yourself that others would not normally know or learn about you over time.It involves trusting a person with your vulnerabilities when your risk sharing this information but it is also a way of gaining more information from the person you are sharing it with and you want to be able to trust each other and predict the thoughts and actions of your spouse. When one shares information like this, we are able to judge the reactions of our significant other. So once we share this information, we can learn how they think and feel on certain situations or topics that would not normally come up in normal day tidingss.It is also implied that once he or she begins self-disclosure, the other will follow suit. Thus causing a mutual disclosure and intensify the trust between two people in a relationship, knowing that they except you for who you are. While self-disclosure can strengthen a relationship it can also damage it as well but it is not called the intensify gift for nothing because a relationship can be damaged if he or she is burbly out their soul to you and you dont like what they are hearing or if the self-disclosure comes to early in the relationship, it can be just as damaging.There are five sta ges that we go through when create and modify a relationship, these are the coming together stages. The first stage is the initiating stage, which is characterized by nervousness, caution, hesitation, and a very senior high school risk of rejection. The next stage is the experimental stage, where we seek out any common interests, experiences, and life goals. It is in this stage that you might of talked about both of your education and career goals, when you might want to start a family, and what part of the city you wanted to settle down in.The third stage is the intensity stage in which the couple begins self-disclosure in an attempt to strengthen their relationship but also make it more assailable to each other. If you didnt notice, when you two first started dating, your conversations were usually on positive topics in both of your lives but as time when on and you began to trust each other and build bonds. So when both of you mat up comfortable in expressing your needs, fear s, and desires your relationship was strengthened and the two of you grew closer together as a couple.I dont really think you two had an issues with this though, as you guys seemed to attach yourselves to each other subsequently wholly a month had passed bye and the beginning and continued use of your pet names for each other made all of us sick but we were extremely grateful (kidding) when both of you got that summer detain job together. You two did come back a stronger couple though, so that summer really did remove you two together more, which led you into the fourth stage.The fourth stage is the integrating stage, in which the couple begins to communicate and respond easily to each others feelings. This is the point where your personalities began merging into one and we always saw you two together. I dont think there was a single party or assemblage that both of you were there for but you two made a cute couple and it was just anticipate afterwards a time. The final stag e would be the bonding stage. At this point, the couple will make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them, (Hybels, 2007) involving a lot of commitment and dedication to the relationship and to each other. Whereas you two decided to get married and finally move into that small house you both were drooling over but you do know that once you two decide to have a baby, you will have to find a bigger house. In all of the stages discussed we all have decision to make, we can any continue to move forward to the next stage, stay in the same stage we are in, or terminate the relationship all together.No matter what we as individuals choose to do with our lives, we need to know how to communicate effectively to that next stage and we need to know how to handle and resolve fight in any relationship we place ourselves in. We can do this by conflict re response, which is negotiating to find a solution to the conflict. (Hybels, 2007) Depending on how a c onflict is resolved it can produce a positive or prejudicial pull up stakes but it also helps to take a positive approach to any conflict resolution, where discussion is unselfish and on-confrontational, and the heart of the matter is on the issues and not on the individuals. If this can be completed, then, as long as people are willingly listening to each other and explore facts, issues, and possible solutions properly, conflict can often be resolved effectively. Making interpersonal communication just like any other work of life, meaning that it must be practiced and utilized regularly to be successful and we must continually analyze and study it in order to improve our ability to communicate effectively in relationships.So if you relationship is to last a long time and be a healthy and glad one, it is important to maintain a constant and consistent flow of communication with your partner (Sole, 2011). I heed the best of luck to both of you and hope your future endeavors bring you as much happiness as the last ones did. Sincerely, Aaron Stamper Reference Allis, R. (2002). Non-verbal Communication. Zeromillion. com. Retrieved from http//www. zeromillion. com/business/management/non-verbal-communication. html Hybels, S. & Weaver, R. (2007).Communicating Effectively. New York McGraw-Hill Company Inc. Preston, P. (2005). Nonverbal communication Do you really say what you mean? Journal of Healthcare Management. Retrieved from http//proquest. umi. com. Schoenberg, N. (2011). Can we talk? researcher duologue about the role of communication in marriages. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com. Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https//content. ashford. ed.Effectively Communicating in an Interpersonal RelationshipEffectively Communicating in an Interpersonal Relationship To the newly wedded couple, It has occurred to me that our current gen eration seems to lack the ability to communicate effectively with in an interpersonal relationships and it is through cooperation, collaboration, and compromise that an effective flow of communication occurs. If we analyzing and studying the communication process of both sending and receiving information, we can improve our ability to communicate effectively between one another. To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others, which is called interpersonal communication. (Hybels, 2007) We spend most of our lives interacting with each other, with a dozen different reasons to talk to different people. We will tend to say things differently depending on who we are speaking too. So there is a lot more to communication that just putting words together and saying them out loud for the other person to hear. The ability to communicate effectively takes real skill and learning this skill never ends, even in a marriage.Being able to communicate effectively is probably one of the most important skills a person can have in a marriage, as the main cause for divorce is the lack of communication between one another. You are the only person that can say what you want your spouse to hear, so if you dont know how to express what you want to say or explain your intentions clearly, the other one could easily take what you say and turn your own words agains you. So the best way to avoid this situation is to be assertive in how you communicate.When I say you must be assertive, I mean you must express your feelings and ideas openly, honestly, and take responsibility for your actions. It is also being willing to listen to what the other one is saying and respect them no matter how different their opinions may be from yours. You also need to be able to recognizing the emotions in one another, as it is a very important first step to building a good relationship. If one cannot feel what the other one is feeling, then you simply cannot connect with th em on a personal or emotional level and that can deeply hinder ones relationship process.Interpersonal communication is important because of the functions it achieves. Whenever we engage in communication with another person, we seek to exchange information with them, we also communicate information through a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal cues. Spoken communication has huge effects on all aspects of our life, to including interpersonal relationships, just as speaking and telling our needs and wants verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for our daily lives.Within our daily lives of both work and home, when we exchange information with our spouse, our verbal communication is organized by our language, whereas nonverbal communication is not. We spend about 75 percent of our day communicating our knowledge, thoughts, experiences, and ideas to each other. (Allis, 2002) What we dont realize is that a lot of our communication is not made up of the oral or written form but of the no nverbal form. In communications involving two or more people, our messages are sent on two levels simultaneously and if the verbal cues are not congruent with the nonverbal cues, then the flow of communication is hindered.Correct or not, if the receiver of the communication will base the intentions of the sender on the nonverbal cues that they recieved. Most couples believe that they will communicate better because of the fact that they are in a relationship with this person and the depth of their personal knowledge and connectivity. (Schoenberg, 2011) All of this is based on the assumption that your significant other understands your intent even though your verbal and nonverbal signals are not matching up. So you two have to be cognizant of the nonverbal signals that you send to each other.Nonverbal cues can be categorized into two sections vocal and visual. The vocal side of nonverbal communication involves timbre (quality and tone), pitch (inflection), intensity (volume), tempo ( speed), rhythm, and pauses (silence). Whereas the visual side of nonverbal communication involves your eyes, face, body posture, and hand gestures. Before a person makes an attempt to form an interpersonal relationship, they must decide what attracts them to that person. There are many factors that make up attractions to other physical attractions, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are a few of them. (Hybels, 2007) As you too were attracted to each other from the start, it is common with most people to be attracted to each other by the way they look, some people might have certain distinct characteristics that they find more attractable then others. Tall or short, blonde or brunette hair, blue or green eyes, muscular or slender, or even freckles are many things that attract us to one another but if there is no attractions, you are going to be less likely to walk up to someone and strike up a conversation them.For example, I am covered from wrists to neck to wa ist with tattoos and I have found that they inhibit my ability to have a good first impression on many of the professors that I have had over the last several years of college. I didnt notice it at first but over time I saw that I received a warmer reception and instruction from my teachers when I had long sleeves on but if I gave the instructor time to get to know me. I could slowly start to show tattoos and it would not affect how the instructor acted towards me.On the opposite side though, I have met very interesting and smart people that had just as many tattoos as I did because of the shared similarities that we had. The similarities and differences can be a major factor in determining if a relationship will be good for a person because at times we will find ourselves attracted to people that share the same culture basis that we do. It is not a hard reach though to see why people are often attracted to people who enjoy the same things as we do but people can also be attracted t o the differences in personalities. For example, people who dont like making decisions might be attracted to a stronger decision maker. Because these characteristics complement each other, they might help strengthen the relationship. (Hybels, 2007) So keep this in mind when you two are communicating with each other and it seems that what you are trying to send in not being received properly, as your nonverbal cues or bodily language might be sending something entirely different. As important as sending the right signals both verbally and nonverbally, effective listening is just as important in any relationship.When one listens to another, it shows that you respect them and care about what the other person is trying to communicate. There are three important types of listening and they are active, critical, and empathic. (Sole, 2011) Active listening is assertive communication that develops a sense of trust, were the person talking gets the feeling that you know what they are trying to communicate is getting to you. In doing this, you two will build a stronger bond and trust each other more in what you say and do.Critical listening is an analytical and rational process of listening, in where you analysis what is being said, process the information, and make a judgement on what was meant. After one has been in a relationship for a while the critical listening will not be needed, as empathic listening will tend to take over. Empathic listening is listening to your spouse when they have an issue or problem that they just need to talk about and know that you are there to listen.So when you empathetically listen, you set aside your own feelings and concentrate on comforting you spouse in their time of emotional need. Once you can use empathic listening in your relationship, you will be able to reflect on what is being said and respond back on the same emotional level of the person communicating but empathic listening is something that takes time in a relationship an d you cannot force emotions but you can just be there for your spouse.It is obvious that you too have already made the initial approach to each other but there can be times in you relationship that you will have to make the approach again because a new or different situation has developed. So it is good to know that once we have approached someone, the next steps of forming an interpersonal relationship would be our motives for communicating. Your motives for getting married can easily be seen if someone spends just a couple minutes with you two and you guys fit the text book definition of what motivates us for forming a relationship.As we are motivated to form relationships for many different reasons such as, pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control, and health. (Hybels, 2007) If one is motivated by pleasure, he or she might want someone to watch the same movies, listen to music, or discuss things that they have in common. If one is motivated by affection, then finding someone who will give you the affective affirmation that you need.Regardless of what motivates us, if we have started to develop a relationship we have to decide how much of our selves that we want to share and at what point in the relationship do we share it. Another factor that would have been considered as well would be the proximity of each other, as proximity is the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as at work, school, or play. (Hybels, 2007) But seeing as you to met in college and studied the same major, your proximity was really close and you too were able to hare a lot of really neat experiences together and still continue to do so. Speaking of sharing with one another, I would like to explain self-disclosure to both of you. As self-disclosure is a process in which one person tells another person something he or she would not reveal to just anyone. (Hybels, 2007) Self-disclosure in not just providing someone with information about yours elf. Self-disclosure is about revealing a piece of yourself that others would not normally know or learn about you over time.It involves trusting a person with your vulnerabilities when your risk sharing this information but it is also a way of gaining more information from the person you are sharing it with and you want to be able to trust each other and predict the thoughts and actions of your spouse. When one shares information like this, we are able to judge the reactions of our significant other. So once we share this information, we can learn how they think and feel on certain situations or topics that would not normally come up in normal day discussions.It is also implied that once he or she begins self-disclosure, the other will follow suit. Thus causing a mutual disclosure and deepening the trust between two people in a relationship, knowing that they except you for who you are. While self-disclosure can strengthen a relationship it can also damage it as well but it is not called the intensifying stage for nothing because a relationship can be damaged if he or she is pouring out their soul to you and you dont like what they are hearing or if the self-disclosure comes to early in the relationship, it can be just as damaging.There are five stages that we go through when developing and strengthening a relationship, these are the coming together stages. The first stage is the initiating stage, which is characterized by nervousness, caution, hesitation, and a very high risk of rejection. The next stage is the experimental stage, where we seek out any common interests, experiences, and life goals. It is in this stage that you might of talked about both of your education and career goals, when you might want to start a family, and what part of the city you wanted to settle down in.The third stage is the intensity stage in which the couple begins self-disclosure in an attempt to strengthen their relationship but also make it more vulnerable to each other. If you didnt notice, when you two first started dating, your conversations were usually on positive topics in both of your lives but as time when on and you began to trust each other and build bonds. So when both of you felt comfortable in expressing your needs, fears, and desires your relationship was strengthened and the two of you grew closer together as a couple.I dont really think you two had an issues with this though, as you guys seemed to attach yourselves to each other after only a month had passed bye and the beginning and continued use of your pet names for each other made all of us sick but we were extremely grateful (kidding) when both of you got that summer intern job together. You two did come back a stronger couple though, so that summer really did bring you two together more, which led you into the fourth stage.The fourth stage is the integrating stage, in which the couple begins to communicate and respond easily to each others feelings. This is the point where your pe rsonalities began merging into one and we always saw you two together. I dont think there was a single party or gathering that both of you were there for but you two made a cute couple and it was just expected after a time. The final stage would be the bonding stage. At this point, the couple will make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them, (Hybels, 2007) involving a lot of commitment and dedication to the relationship and to each other. Whereas you two decided to get married and finally move into that small house you both were drooling over but you do know that once you two decide to have a baby, you will have to find a bigger house. In all of the stages discussed we all have decision to make, we can either continue to move forward to the next stage, stay in the same stage we are in, or terminate the relationship all together.No matter what we as individuals choose to do with our lives, we need to know how to communicate effectively to that next stage and we need to know how to handle and resolve conflict in any relationship we place ourselves in. We can do this by conflict resolution, which is negotiating to find a solution to the conflict. (Hybels, 2007) Depending on how a conflict is resolved it can produce a positive or negative result but it also helps to take a positive approach to any conflict resolution, where discussion is considerate and on-confrontational, and the heart of the matter is on the issues and not on the individuals. If this can be completed, then, as long as people are willingly listening to each other and explore facts, issues, and possible solutions properly, conflict can often be resolved effectively. Making interpersonal communication just like any other work of life, meaning that it must be practiced and utilized regularly to be successful and we must continually analyze and study it in order to improve our ability to communicate effectively in relationships.So if you relationship is to las t a long time and be a healthy and happy one, it is important to maintain a constant and consistent flow of communication with your partner (Sole, 2011). I wish the best of luck to both of you and hope your future endeavors bring you as much happiness as the last ones did. Sincerely, Aaron Stamper Reference Allis, R. (2002). Non-verbal Communication. Zeromillion. com. Retrieved from http//www. zeromillion. com/business/management/non-verbal-communication. html Hybels, S. & Weaver, R. (2007).Communicating Effectively. New York McGraw-Hill Company Inc. Preston, P. (2005). Nonverbal communication Do you really say what you mean? Journal of Healthcare Management. Retrieved from http//proquest. umi. com. Schoenberg, N. (2011). Can we talk? researcher talks about the role of communication in marriages. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com. Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retri eved from https//content. ashford. ed.