Tuesday, July 28, 2020
Knowing Your Audience When Choosing a Magazine Topic
Knowing Your Audience When Choosing a Magazine Topic There are as many magazines as there are special interests and nowhere is this more evident than the magazine racks of your local major bookseller. You can find magazines about gardens, magazines about guns, magazines about guns and gardens, and just about everything in between. So if youre a freelance writer, how do you get your foot in the door of an industry with such a wide variety of published topics and actually make good money at it?The answer is simple: find an audience you know well and write for them.Knowing your audience is one of the top qualifications for writing for a particular magazineâ"right up there with being a decent writer. If you know the audience, everything concerning voice, tone and content will fall into place naturally for you.Below are the primary considerations you should make when choosing the audience for which you want to write, and the concepts you should keep in mind when choosing a topic, tone and writing style for that audience.DemographicsDemogra phics play a major role in many magazines success or failure. Without the right demographics in a publications readership, the magazine risks failure from the onset. Thats why marketers for the magazines advertising sales will be focusing on demographics before the magazines first issue even goes to print.Demographics concentrate on the age, location, marital status, income level, education level and even racial profile of the magazines readership. With ads targeting a particular demographic (for example, college-educated, professional, single African American women), the magazine can ensure that those ads reach the right audience through careful attention to content that will attract that demographics interest. Editors are less likely to accept content that might not appeal to the magazines readership for this reason aloneâ"its truly all about money and it has to be. Without the ad sales to companies wishing to target a particular demographic, most magazines cant stay afloat finan cially. Its all a simple matter of numbers and audience appeal, regardless of how riveting your content might be.TrendsFocusing on trends within a particular demographic is a great way to determine the type of content the editor of a magazine would be most likely to accept and approve for publication. One easy way to do this is to find a magazine that contains ads and content focused on your own demographic, whatever that might be. No one is better aware of demographic trends than a person within that demographic, because you know what interests you and your friends. You know what your demographic is doing, talking about, tweeting about, posting about or passing time with on a day-to-day basis. That knowledge gives you the unique qualification of writing for your own demographic effortlessly.For this reason, many freelancers begin their search for publishing venues by querying the magazines they read, themselves. This puts you in a unique place of knowing the content and knowing the audience well, since you have been reading the magazine for some time and are familiar with the type of articles they tend to run.However, the downside to this is that focusing on a magazine with a large, established readership makes querying more difficult. Such magazine editors receive hundreds of queries per day and yours will inevitably end up at the bottom of a line of emails or a stack of mail that might not be answered quickly. A delay like that is enough to put the damper on any freelance writers dream of being published in a magazine, which brings us to the third pointâ¦Size mattersIf you take a moment to look at the magazines provided for free at local restaurants or grocery stores, youre likely to find a few upstart regional magazines that have a broader demographic readership base and are more willing to answer your query quickly. These smaller publications often pay freelancers a reasonable rate, although it might not be quite as high as the larger publications pay.If you are seeking a way to get published often and build a portfolio, however, the smaller publications are just the ticket. The editors running them are often more willing to hire local and a few feature assignments could easily turn into a steady gig writing a regular column or section for these types of magazines. The demographic focus is almost always broad (an audience within your region), so you already know what that audience wants to read.This should in no way keep you from querying the big guys. Youll still have the opportunity to focus on your dream of being published in a national or international publication, even if youre writing more for a small, regional one. In fact, if you go this route, youll have a lot more publishing credit under your belt when querying the larger magazines and a lot more experience with the process, allowing you to fine-tune your skills and eventually get published in the magazines you prefer.Grow with your audienceThe most significant factor you ll discover about choosing the right audience is that as a freelance writer, youll tend to grow with your audience if you focus on the right things. If there is a particular topic that your expertise particularly shines in, keep writing about that topic and submitting your writing to magazines, even the smaller, regional ones. If no magazine wants the article, start a blog and place those articles there, allowing it to be a sort of personal interest portfolio space for you that shows your most quality writing. Youll find that time spent writing those pieces is not wasted, regardless of where it is published, and you will start to gather a growing audience that is also interested in that niche topicâ"even if its through a blog. This same audience will be anxious to read anything you write and isnt that the point of writing in the first place?
Friday, May 22, 2020
Corporations And Corporate Social Responsibility - 1140 Words
à » Introduction With the development of economy and society, large corporations not only have responsible for make profit to their shareholders, but also taking environmentally responsible and undertaking corresponding social responsibilities as well as other stakeholders. This point of view could be involve in the corporate social responsibility (King and Lawley, 2013). Additionally, the definition of stakeholders are individuals or groups which affected by an organization and have an interest in its activities (Freeman, 1984). Moreover, Starik (1994) stated that those who potentially have impact on an organization may also is a stakeholder. However, according to Lynch (2006) argued that when a corporation involve many stakeholders, theyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦On the other hand, separation between ownership and control in a large corporation will cause conflict between the interests of owners and directors (Jensen and Meckling, 1978). For example, Sunbeam, which is a manufacturer of small ba ckyard and kitchen appliances had an accounting fraud in 1996 due to Dunlap, A. J. who is the CEO at Sunbeam corporation overstated revenue by à £62 million almost 33% of sales. This scandal caused Sunbeam filed for bankruptcy in 2001 because they can not cover the huge accounting fraud (BBC, 2005). Moreover, CNN NEWS (2001) also reported that Dunlap as a president was dismissed from Nitec Paper Corporation in 1976 and confronted with similar fraud allegations, ââ¬Å"accused by the companyââ¬â¢s owner of overstating inventory, fabricating sales and covering up a loss of $5.5 million.â⬠These examples show that although not every large corporationââ¬â¢s executive directors will abuse their power to cover poor company performance and caused the damage of profit of other stakeholders, large corporations are more complex than limited company, thus they are easier be exploited by those who have power to control the company. à » Suppliers Suppliers have a mutual relationship with corporations in a
Saturday, May 9, 2020
Hate Crimes, By Nelson Mandela - 1393 Words
Hate crimes consist of actions done against individuals or groups of people as a result of prejudice attitudes. These prejudices are based on race, religion, ethnicity or sexual orientation. Some crimes even go so far as to display actions against gender or physical and mental abilities (McDevitt, J., Levin, J., Bennett, S, 2002). As Nelson Mandela stated, a hateful attitude against others must be learned (Brainz, n.d.). Hate crimes are a learned attitude of prejudice against others because of their differences. Additionally, research shows that hate crimes not only occur because of external and internal reasons, but also because an individual or group of people feel the need to satisfy their thrill seeking drives. INTERNAL REASONS TO COMMIT HATE CRIMES People are known to commit hate crimes because of internal reasons (Forscher, Cox, Graetz Devine, 2015). Many times the perpetrators solely believe their view is correct, and act on their beliefs in violent manners to enforce their opinions. Personal values are often one of the reasons to express prejudice, such as mission offenders who intend to heal the world of any evil. In our world today, 70 percent of all hate crimes are related to race (Perry, 2002). Perry (2002) mentions that she sees racially motivated violence as a common way to prove racial identity compared to the victim. Society is still acting on the idea that white people have more privileges than those of different origins. Our society has grown up with,Show MoreRelatedShort Summary Of Nelson Mandela s Long Walk On Freedom 2483 Words à |à 10 PagesElon Fiol May 13, 2015 ââ¬Å"Long Walk to Freedomâ⬠ââ¬Å"I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days.â⬠Nelson Mandela. He was birthed into greatness and it is safe to say that he was a publicly acclaimed leader for his great efforts during the Apartheid in South Africa. Many would identify a leader in many ways but, the most important aspect of leadership is toRead MoreAfrican People s Fight For Independence And Racial Equality Essay1240 Words à |à 5 Pagesespecially to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races. Nelson Mandela an iconic figure for the black movement once said ââ¬Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.â⬠Nelson Mandela, was at the forefront of the South African people s fight for independence andRead MoreRacial Discrimination, a Long History1590 Words à |à 7 Pagestreated unfairly because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin. Although racial discrimination is clearly decreasing now, it has been a long problem in social history. Racial Discrimination is manifested through different unlawful crimes such as death, torture, teasing and killing. It has been a controversial issue in world societies for many years and has caused many disagreements as well as violent conflicts toward against many different social and ethnic groups throughout historyRead MoreCivil Disobedience, By Henry David Thoreau1650 Words à |à 7 Pagesevery sense to incur the penalty of disobedience to the State than it would to obey. I should feel as if I were worth less in that caseâ⬠(Thoreau, 1849). Thoreauââ¬â¢s ideas inspired Gandhi to lead a nonviolent rebellion against the British in India, Mandela to lead a reb ellion against South African Apartheid, and Martin Luther King, Jr., to lead the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. And although the controlling forces often continued to control for years, the resisters gained strength in their resistanceRead More Peter Tosh and Nelson Mandela Fighting from Opposite Corners4125 Words à |à 17 PagesPeter Tosh and Nelson Mandela Fighting from Opposite Corners The Prize: Equal Rights Peter Tosh and Nelson Mandela are two men who dedicated their lives to fight for equal rights. They are united by common goals but walked on different paths in their struggles against the oppressors. The major commonality, which made both men brilliant leaders and revolutionary thinkers, was their passion. The passion they had for their beliefs and turning their visions into reality. Tosh and Mandelaââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe s Message Of Hope And Salvation1225 Words à |à 5 PagesMany social issues leave cause for concern, however, the churchââ¬â¢s message of hope and salvation in Jesus should not be lost amid the immoral social issues and behaviors in the world today. Social problems like racism, unemployment, starvation, and crime are not new phenomenon. They did not just start in the year 2016. This paper will address two questions that are prevalent in todayââ¬â¢s culture. The first is, ââ¬Å"What are the short-comings of official criminal statistics?â⬠The second is also quiteRead MoreRacism : Nelson Mandela, Former President Of South Africa1523 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬â¹Nelson Mandela, Former President of South Africa, once said, ââ¬Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, his background, or his religion. People learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its oppositeâ⬠(Nelson Mandela Museum). Racism has been at the forefront of debates since the Nineteenth century and has spread throughout the United States, creating outrage, violence, and politicalRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton Reconciliation981 Words à |à 4 Pagescharacters, as they try to come to terms with events. Stephen Kumalo, the reverend from the small village Ndotsheni, experiences internal strife as he discovers the endeavors of his son, Absalom. He cannot fathom his sonââ¬â¢s motives for committing petty crimes and eventually murdering a man especially because of the way he brought Absalom up. He holds himself partially responsible for fractured family and his son leaving the village to go to Johannesburg. The meeting with the girl his son loves initiatesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1654 Words à |à 7 Pagesstockbroker whoââ¬â¢s sniffing cocaine.â⬠Not only do we have to worry about police bru tality but also hate crimes. Nearly half of all hate crimes in America have to do with race. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 47% of hate crimes are racially motivated. Second place, a tie between religion and sexual orientation, doesnââ¬â¢t even come close, accounting for 19% of hate crimes. There are hate groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan are extremist networks very often motivated by race. White supremacyRead MoreThe Homelessness Epidemic842 Words à |à 3 PagesFrom the wise words of Nelson Mandela ââ¬Å"No one is born hating another person, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.â⬠Discrimination is an on going controversial issue, which can range from status of class, based on gender, color of oneââ¬â¢s skin, and almost every group there is possible. Across America, weââ¬â¢re all classified by at least a category, and social class happens to be one of them. The homeless, being the lowest class is often looked down on. According to preliminary
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Glacier Melt Free Essays
string(55) " attachment and desire for material and social status\." This presents a significant dilemma to both the local populations that depend on seasonal melt eater from the glaciers, and to billions of people in adjacent plateaus whose rivers are directly fed from said glaciers. This also creates a difficult moral predicament for the industrialized countries that are largely to blame due to their high contribution of greenhouse gases. These mountain populations have had very little impact in comparison, yet they stand to suffer the most since they generally do not posses the resources to cope with such a major potential water shortage In their remote locations. We will write a custom essay sample on Glacier Melt or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, in principle, heavily industrialized economies will be responsible for telling a basic human right, freshwater, from these people. This paper will analyze in detail the extent of the damage the melting of these glaciers could have and the necessary response needed by the global community to address climate change. In particular, I will examine the potential effect the proliferation of Buddhism could have In addressing these problems on a global scale and in considering our own responsibility to the planet. We find that through Buddhism a transformation could be made away from the modern consumerist culture, and a greater sense of obligation to the environment could be instilled, but to suggest that the religion is inherently the solution to our ecological crisis would be illegitimate. By 2000 there were more than 1. 1 billion people Inhabiting mountainous regions across the world, with approximately 90% of this population living In developing and translator countries that are vulnerable to food and water Insecurity. For the purpose of this essay I will focus on the Himalayas and adjacent ranges, a primarily Buddhist area that is the most extensively inhabited range above mm in the worlds. A combination of poverty and remoteness make this region an already official place to live with poor medical support and available education systems. Cities and villages throughout the Himalayas depend heavily on their natural environment for their economies and livelihood. In particular Inhabitants of Nepal face widespread poverty with the World Bank estimating that 82. % of the population lives on less then $2 per day. The poverty index for rural areas that depend on subsistence agriculture is much lower than those in urban towns who benefit from tourism. A heavy dependence on these two sectors ââ¬Å"make Napalmââ¬â¢s economy very sensitive to climate variabilityââ¬â¢2. Nevertheless freshwater has almost always been abundant In the past. The southeasterly monsoon system provides approximately While fee ding the rivers, the monsoons also play a pivotal role in growing the glaciers as it falls as solid precipitation at higher elevations. These glaciers become massive reservoirs of freshwater that then become integral in providing a perennial water source during the dry winter months. They also act to regulate the water runoff from the mountain to the plains during these periods, and are thus instrumental in securing agricultural productivity and the livelihoods for millions of peoples. Should climate change continue along its forecasted trend and widespread degeneration occur the consequences will be widespread. Rising temperatures will continue to result in snow melting earlier and faster in the spring shifting the timing and distribution of the runoff. The projections show ââ¬Å"a regression of the maximum stream-flow period in the annual cycle of approximately 30 daysâ⬠2, with an increase in the glacial runoff during the shortened period of 33% to 38%2. This excessive melting will likely result in flash floods, and increase the unique risk of glacial lake outbursts in the region. Glacial lakes form at the lower altitude end of a glacier as it retreats in unstable mounds of deposited rock. If sudden floods occur there is a high risk of these natural dams collapsing resulting in excessive damaged. The consequences will, however, not be limited to the mountain communities. Across the adjacent plateau hundreds of millions of people depend on major rivers such as the Ganges, Yawning, and Indus, which are all fed by these glaciers. During the dry season the ââ¬Å"low flow contribution of Naples rivers to the Ganges could be as high as 70%â⬠4. While in China, 23% of the population resides in the western regions where Alicia melt provides the principal dry season source or waters. Widespread degeneration will completely alter the hydrological characteristics of these rivers. Complications will be diverse. Power shortages could become common due to the lack of hydro-generated electricity. There will be major health risks from disease and lack of water and food, and a completely altered ecosystem, as the changes in stream flow will change food chains from the basic insects and invertebrates pup. For many of these land-locked countries that are isolated in rugged terrain providing aid will be difficult and costly. Changes are needed now on the world stage to prevent such a situation from developing. In dealing with our current ecological crisis, and in particular climate change, it is fundamental that we first address the problem from its root source. Anthropogenic climate change has occurred as a direct result of our burning of fossil fuels to promote the growth of a consumer based economy. Our consumption levels per capita, and especially in industrialized nations, are way above sustainable levels. We eat too much, we buy too much that we eventually throw into garbage landfills, and e use too much energy through a variety of manufacturing processes. It is in this regard that an adoption of Buddhist principles would benefit the world. Buddha, originally known as Shattered Guatemala, personifies this ideal of limiting consumption. He was a prince who left home and rejected his material riches when he was 29 in search of true enlightenment. Buddhism views the western consumer- based economy and outlook on happiness as incorrect. Instead the religion states accumulation is actually a source of sufferingâ⬠6. According to the latter two of the Noble Truths, the best way for a person to escape their suffering is to free themselves from any attachment and desire for material and social status. You read "Glacier Melt" in category "Papers" Along with the four Noble Truths and the Eight-Fold path, the teachings of Buddha often contain an element of the need to escape greed. In the realms of rebirth it is thought one can be born below a human as a Pretax, or hungry ghosts . These beings could be seen as those overcome with greed, and who can never satisfy their need to consume. Many echo-Buddhists would associate this thought to the state of consumerism that has grasped so much of the world. Thus Buddhism is fundamentally opposite to the positive correlation associated between economic output and welfare as adopted in mainstream Western thought. One of the most difficult aspects in addressing the challenges climate change brings is generating a feeling of responsibility. In many monastic rules there is no offence if a personââ¬â¢s action was ââ¬Å"unintentional, for one who lacks mindfulnessâ⬠7. This is the case for much of the developed world. Many people go along with their daily lives without much thought to the consequences. Burning fossil fuel seems innocuous, however there are major consequences. By living in this manner we become responsible for the degeneration and resulting effects. The main offence being that by unintentionally melting the glaciers we are depriving other people of a basic human right and necessity: access to clean freshwater. Buddhism excuses offences if performed through absentmindedness, such as using water with life forms to nourish plants. What is more important is the root of the deed, in this case being greed for a materialistic and comfortable life. As the Threading monk Euthanasia explains, there are unintentional acts with damaging consequences that expose carelessness and lack of circumspection in areas where a person may reasonably be held responsibleâ⬠7. We are not intentionally melting the glaciers and depriving people of a basic human right, it is an unintentional byproduct of our industrial activity. However the lack of awareness and mindfulness shown by industrialized economies puts us at fault, and provides us with a responsibility to change and aid those we have harmed. Particularly in this age when so many of the effects of climate change are widely broadcasted to the public, living the same style of lives becomes inexcusable. We are no longer mindless but instead bystanders. It is in this field that Buddhist thought is important to instill a sense of wrongdoing and thus responsibility in the public. Buddhist texts often depict how our morality influences the state of the environment, and that humans cannot ignore the affect of their actions. The Goanna Status gives a depiction of the initial development of life, with divine beings falling from their prior state. These beings over consume from their environment and become lazy in a very similar manner to humans. They learn to value possession and the beautiful beings become conceited and arrogant. They consume more and more from the earth making their environment less fruitful. They are not intentionally harming the earth but their actions brought upon by greed and laziness brings them suffering. Other annoyed. Often as a reaction the stars will ââ¬Å"go wrong in their courseâ⬠and the wind will ââ¬Å"blow wrong, out of seasonâ⬠7. In light of climate change this view has backing. Many Buddhists believe that the world has seen a ââ¬Å"gradual decline in morality and spiritualityââ¬â¢7. Whilst this does not address the problem directly it does examine that the root of the crisis is from our moral orientation. So often societies are fixated on the ideology of progress through economic developments. This entails a promotion of consumerism and in turn production, which puts a strain on the environment. Society encourages the idea that those who are able to consume at the highest material value are deemed to have achieved success. In particular Buddhism would condone this view and the morals people adopt to achieve this material wealth. Buddha himself states that it is only by ââ¬Å"the destruction of these, the not lusting for these, it is by the cessation of, the giving up of, the utter surrender of these things hat the heart is called fully freedâ⬠3. A change in morals and outlook away from economic growth towards a principle such as Gross National Happiness as adopted in Bhutan would arguably put less emphasis on sheer production and less strain on the natural world. Along with its condemnation of consumerism, and approach to responsibility and moral code, a fundamental component of Buddhism that can aid the world in reforming its practices is its ideal of interdependence. We have made the mistake of separating from each other, and most importantly from the natural world that sustain us. As Stephen Batcher puts it ââ¬Å"we fail to recognize them for what they are: part of us as we are of themâ⬠7. Throughout Buddhist texts there is a constant theme of this relationship. At the physical level there is the idea that we all survive through an exchange of the four basic elements: earth, fire, water, and air. Thus promoting respect for the components we depend on. On the spiritual level it is believed that through the ââ¬Å"process of taking birth, one is kin to all wild and domestic animals, birds, and beings born of the wombâ⬠l . Buddhism shows a greater level of appreciation for all that is Samara and the importance of the connection between all living things. This is exemplified in the Wadded Stark in which the danger of disrupting the natural order of an ecosystem is embodied. The Jungle cats over consumed and brought an imbalance to the ecosystem, which was subsequently corrected by the trees . However humans then cut down the trees without a full understanding of the implications. This is a valuable lesson and principle to be adopted. It emphasizes how important it is to recognize our dependence on the environment and how removing or altering one component can bring the entire yester out of harmony. We see this in the relationship with carbon dioxide concentrations and the diverse implications including the melting glaciers. A greater appreciation for the connection between humans and the earthââ¬â¢s systems would theoretically lead to more responsible stewardship of our resources and for other life. Theoretically a society that embraced Buddhism in itsââ¬â¢ reformation of social and economic institutions and beliefs would ââ¬Å"greatly reduce the drivers that currently religion is the answer is simply the easy way out that would avoid direct confrontation with the problems we have created. Buddha middle path is a good starting place for the changes needed too address the roots of climate change, however there are components of the ideology that would hamper progress and environmental action. Fundamentally, Buddhism ââ¬Å"Nirvana teleologyââ¬â¢8 makes major environmental concern seem pointless. If the focus for a Buddhist is to achieve enlightenment and be liberated from Samara then it is possible that there will be an absence of concern for tit. This impermanence could ââ¬Å"render the world devoid of sustainabilityââ¬â¢8 and leave us carefree from the challenges we face such as dealing with degeneration. Furthermore, as mentioned previously, one of the central principles of Buddhism is to free oneself from attachment. This largely applies to material wealth but would not be beneficial when we are in need of greater attachment to the natural world. This attachment cannot Just be to the financial value of resources, but to entire ecosystems and all beings even if they donââ¬â¢t directly benefit us. Throughout Buddhism ideologies arise pertaining to our interconnectedness and responsibility to nature, but the religion is more concerned with its instrumental value rather than purely its intrinsic . Nature is often thought of as a tool and the best setting for one to attain enlightenment. Many of the religionââ¬â¢s most famous figures have searched for enlightenment in natureââ¬â¢s most spectacular locations, such as Para Tasting in Bhutan. Conversely our view of nature as an instrument from which to benefit from is arguably a primary source for our current situation. Therefore one cannot claim Buddhism is inherently echo-friendly. The disappearance of Himalayan glaciers is one of a number of serious issues threatening our planet as a direct result of anthropogenic climate change. The science has become too irrefutable and the knowledge has been broadcasted so biblically that we have the moral obligation to reform our social and economic organizations. As the Dalai Lama explains ââ¬Å"human use, population, and technology have reached that certain stage where Mother Earth no longer accepts our presence with silenceâ⬠7. In providing a solution, an adoption of Buddhist ethics would be beneficial in shaping our root beliefs towards a lack of attachment to material wealth, responsibility to the environment, and interconnectedness with all beings of this planet. However the principles of the religion are not enough since it places too much of an emphasis on detachment and pacifism. How to cite Glacier Melt, Papers
Tuesday, April 28, 2020
Social, Economical, And Political Effects Of World War I Essays
Social, Economical, and Political Effects of World War I "Everywhere in the world was heard the sound of things breaking." Advanced European societies could not support long wars or so many thought prior to World War I. They were right in a way. The societies could not support a long war unchanged. The First World War left no aspect of European civilization untouched as pre-war governments were transformed to fight total war. The war metamorphed Europe socially, politicaly, economically, and intellectualy. European countries channeled all of their resources into total war which resulted in enormous social change. The result of working together for a common goal seemed to be unifying European societies. Death knocked down all barriers between people. All belligerents had enacted some form of a selective service which levelled classes in many ways. Wartime scarcities made luxury an impossibility and unfavorable. Reflecting this, clothing became uniform and utilitarian. Europeans would never again dress in fancy, elaborate costumes. Uniforms led the way in clothing change. The bright blue-and-red prewar French infantry uniforms had been changed after the first few months of the war, since they made whoever wore them into excellent targets for machine guns. Women's skirts rose above the ankle permanently and women became more of a part of society than ever. They undertook a variety of jobs previously held by men. They were now a part of clerical, secretarial work, and teaching. They were also more widely employed in industrial jobs. By 1918, 37.6 percent of the work force in the Krupp armaments firm in Germany was female. In England the proportion of women works rose strikingly in public transport (for example, from 18,000 to 117,000 bus conductors), banking (9,500 to 63,700), and commerce (505,000 to 934,000). Many restrictions on women disappeared during the war. It became acceptable for young, employed, single middle-class women to have their own apartments, to go out without chaperones, and to smoke in public. It was only a matter of time before women received the right to vote in many belligerent countries. Strong forces were shaping the power and legal status of labor unions, too. The right of workers to organize was relatively new, about half a century. Employers fought to keep union organizers out of their plants and armed force was often used against striking workers. The universal rallying of workers towards their flag at the beginning of the war led to wider acceptance of unions. It was more of a bureaucratic route than a parliamentary route that integrated organized labor into government, however. A long war was not possible without complete cooperation of the workers with respect to putting in longers hours and increasing productivity. Strike activity had reached its highest levels in history just before the war. There had been over 1,500 diffent work stoppages in France and 3,000 in Germany during 1910. More than a million British workers stopped at one time or another in 1912. In Britain, France, and Germany, deals were struck between unions and government to eliminate strikes and less favorable work conditions in exchange for immediate integration into the government process. This integration was at the cost of having to act more as managers of labor than as the voice of the labor. Suddenly, the strikes stopped during the first year of the war. Soon the enthusiasm died down, though. The revival of strike activity in 1916 shows that the social peace was already wearing thin. Work stoppages and the number of people on strike in France quadrupled in 1916 compared to 1915. In Germany, in May 1916, 50,000 Berlin works held a three-day walkout to protest the arrest of the pacifist Karl Liebknecht. By the end of the war most had rejected the government offer of being integrated in the beaurocracy, but not without playing an important public role and gaining some advantages such as collective bargaining. The war may have had a leveling effect in many ways, but it also sharpened some social differences and conflicts. Soldiers were revolting just like workers: They [soldiers] were no longer willing to sacrifice their lives when shirkers at home were earning all the money, tkaing, the women around in cars, cornering all the best jobs, and while so many profiteers were waxing rich.
Friday, March 20, 2020
Determine Concentration and Molarity
Determine Concentration and Molarity Molarity is one of the most common and important units of concentration used in chemistry. This concentration problem illustrates how to find the molarity of a solution if you know how much solute and solvent are present. Concentration and Molarity Example Problem Determine the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 20.0 g of NaOH in sufficient water to yield a 482 cm3 solution. How to Solve the Problem Molarity is an expression of the moles of solute (NaOH) per liter of solution (water). To work this problem, you need to be able to calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and be able to convert cubic centimeters of a solution into liters. You can refer to the Worked Unit Conversions if you need more help. Step 1 Calculate the number of moles of NaOH that are in 20.0 grams. Look up the atomic masses for the elements in NaOH from the Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be: Na is 23.0H is 1.0O is 16.0 Plugging these values: 1 mol NaOH weighs 23.0 g 16.0 g 1.0 g 40.0 g So the number of moles in 20.0 g is: moles NaOH 20.0 g Ãâ" 1 mol/40.0 g 0.500 mol Step 2 Determine the volume of solution in liters. 1 liter is 1000 cm3, so the volume of solution is: liters solution 482 cm3 Ãâ" 1 liter/1000 cm3 0.482 liter Step 3 Determine the molarity of the solution. Simply divide the number of moles by the volume of solution to get the molarity: molarity 0.500 mol / 0.482 litermolarity 1.04 mol/liter 1.04 M Answer The molarity of a solution made by dissolving 20.0 g of NaOH to make a 482 cm3 solution is 1.04 M Tips for Solving Concentration Problems In this example, the solute (sodium hydroxide) and solvent (water) were identified. You may not always be told which chemical is the solute and which is the solvent. Often the solute is a solid, while the solvent is a liquid. Its also possible to make up solutions of gases and solids or of liquid solutes in liquid solvents.Ã In general, the solute is the chemical (or chemicals) present in smaller amounts. The solvent makes up most of the solution.Ã Molarity is concerned with the total volume of the solution, not the volume of the solvent. You can approximate molarity by dividing moles of solute by volume of solvent that is added, but this isnt correct and can lead to significant error when a large amount of solute is present.Significant figures can also come into play when reporting concentration in molarity. There will be a degree of uncertainty in the mass measurement of the solute. An analytical balance will yield a more precise measurement than weighing on a kitchen scale, fo r example. The glassware used to measure the volume of solvent also matters. A volumetric flask or graduated cylinder will yield a more precise value than a beaker, for example. Theres also an error in reading the volume, relating to the meniscus of the liquid. The number of significant digits in your molarity is only as many as that in your least precise measurement.
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Healthcare Worker Shortage Leads Some Hospitals to Take Extra Steps
Healthcare Worker Shortage Leads Some Hospitals to Take Extra Steps There is currentlyà a shortage of U.S. health care personnel, andà it is only likely to get worse. According to a study by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration, within the next 10 or 15 years, 1 million nurses are expected to retire. Additionally,à the number of practicing physicians is expecting a shortfall of 55,000 by 2020. The aging population will have a large impact on the number of nurse jobs and other health-related positions sorely needed to keep facilities running.A large number of students require additional background coursework in order to take credited health care courses, which deters people from pursing health care careers. Often, these additionalà courses are in more difficult areas of study, such as mathematics or chemistry. Instead of tackling them, students are switching career paths.Alternatives to Community CollegeSome hospitals are offering in-house training programs to ensure that appropriate staffing will continue. In Michigan, one pr ogram allows employees to work while training to obtain medical assistant jobs. Upon completion, the employee will be licensed and credentialed, a bonus for the hospital employer and a practical way for an employee interested in the health care field to gain knowledge.Hospital StrategiesMany hospitals realize that happy employees are more likely to stay on the job and may work past retirement age. Some offer in-house training programs, and others offer tuition reimbursement as incentive to continue toward a degree or licensure.Because of the anticipation of a continued shortage, some hospitals have found that pairing an entry level employee with a seasoned à one helps keep the older employee up on the latest technologies in the field, while the younger employee has the benefit of the otherââ¬â¢s years of expertise.Hospital and Community College CooperationIn some areas, such as the San Francisco Bay area, hospitals have been working in conjunction with community colleges to off er training and additional support for nursing staff. By combining classes and residency experience at one time, trainees feel more confident, and the retention rate is higher.In addition, it gives the hospital the opportunity to train nursing students in needed positions, such as surgical assistants in the operating room. Other employees who are not taking nursing classes are offered tuition reimbursement, and the hospital continues to pay their salary while they attend school if the individual expresses an interest in furthering their career in health care.If you are looking for a job in health care, turning to TheJobNetwork makes your search simple. Sign up for free with this online platform and enter the type of job you want. The platform lets you specify criteria you are looking for in the job as well as letting you enter your qualifications and a resume. You can actively search for a job or let the platform do the search for you. Youââ¬â¢ll receive an email when jobs are fo und. All you have to do is apply.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)